Spillantini MG, Goedert M. The alpha-synucleinopathies: Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;920:16–27.
Goedert M. Alpha-synuclein and neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2001;2(7):492–501.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Waxman EA, Giasson BI. Molecular mechanisms of α-synuclein neurodegeneration. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009;1792(7):616–24.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wang XJ, Ma MM, Zhou LB, Jiang XY, Hao MM, Teng RKF, et al. Autonomic ganglionic injection of α-synuclein fibrils as a model of pure autonomic failure α-synucleinopathy. Nat Commun. 2020;11:1–13.
Google Scholar
Baba M, Nakajo S, Tu PH, Tomita T, Nakaya K, Lee VMY, et al. Aggregation of α-synuclein in Lewy bodies of sporadic Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Am J Pathol. 1998;152(4):879–84.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Spillantini MG, Schmidt ML, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Jakes R, Goedert M. Alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies. Nature. 1997;388(6645):839–40.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wakabayashi K, Yoshimoto M, Tsuji S, Takahashi H. Alpha-synuclein immunoreactivity in glial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy. Neurosci Lett. 1998;249(2-3):180–2.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Alegre-Abarrategui J, Brimblecombe KR, Roberts RF, Velentza-Almpani E, Tilley BS, Bengoa-Vergniory N, et al. Selective vulnerability in α-synucleinopathies. Acta Neuropathol. 2019;138(5):681–704.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Braak H, Bohl JR, Müller CM, Rüb U, de Vos RAI, Del Tredici K. Stanley Fahn lecture 2005: the staging procedure for the inclusion body pathology associated with sporadic Parkinson’s disease reconsidered. Mov Disord. 2006;21(12):2042–51.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Braak H, Del Tredici K, Rüb U, De Vos RAI, Jansen Steur ENH, Braak E. Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2003;24(2):197–211.
Beach TG, Adler CH, Lue LF, Sue LI, Bachalakuri J, Henry-Watson J, et al. Unified staging system for Lewy body disorders: correlation with nigrostriatal degeneration, cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction. Acta Neuropathol. 2009;117(6):613–34.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Prusiner SB, Woerman AL, Mordes DA, Watts JC, Rampersaud R, Berry DB, et al. Evidence for α-synuclein prions causing multiple system atrophy in humans with parkinsonism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112(38):E5308–17.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Clayton DF, George JM. Synucleins in synaptic plasticity and neurodegenerative disorders. J Neurosci Res. 1999;58(1):120–9.
Bendor JT, Logan TP, Edwards RH. The function of α-synuclein. Neuron. 2013;79(6):1044–66.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bloch A, Probst A, Bissig H, Adams H, Tolnay M. α-Synuclein pathology of the spinal and peripheral autonomic nervous system in neurologically unimpaired elderly subjects. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2006;32(3):284–95.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dickson DW, Braak H, Duda JE, Duyckaerts C, Gasser T, Halliday GM, et al. Neuropathological assessment of Parkinson’s disease: refining the diagnostic criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8(12):1150–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dickson DW, Uchikado H, Fujishiro H, Tsuboi Y. Evidence in favor of Braak staging of Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2010;25(S1):S78–82.
Li JY, Englund E, Holton JL, Soulet D, Hagell P, Lees AJ, et al. Lewy bodies in grafted neurons in subjects with Parkinson’s disease suggest host-to-graft disease propagation. Nat Med. 2008;14(5):501–3.
Kordower JH, Chu Y, Hauser RA, Freeman TB, Olanow CW. Lewy body-like pathology in long-term embryonic nigral transplants in Parkinson’s disease. Nat Med. 2008;14(5):504–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li W, Englund E, Widner H, Mattsson B, Van Westen D, Lätt J, et al. Extensive graft-derived dopaminergic innervation is maintained 24 years after transplantation in the degenerating parkinsonian brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113(23):6544–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Masuda-Suzukake M, Nonaka T, Hosokawa M, Oikawa T, Arai T, Akiyama H, et al. Prion-like spreading of pathological α-synuclein in brain. Brain. 2013;136(4):1128–38.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bernis ME, Babila JT, Breid S, Wüsten KA, Wüllner U, Tamgüney G. Prion-like propagation of human brain-derived alpha-synuclein in transgenic mice expressing human wild-type alpha-synuclein. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2015;3(1):75.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Mougenot AL, Nicot S, Bencsik A, Morignat E, Verchère J, Lakhdar L, et al. Prion-like acceleration of a synucleinopathy in a transgenic mouse model. Neurobiol Aging. 2012;33(9):2225–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Watts JC, Giles K, Oehler A, Middleton L, Dexter DT, Gentleman SM, et al. Transmission of multiple system atrophy prions to transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(48):19555–60.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Woerman AL, Stöhr J, Aoyagi A, Rampersaud R, Krejciova Z, Watts JC, et al. Propagation of prions causing synucleinopathies in cultured cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112(35):E4949–58.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Holmqvist S, Chutna O, Bousset L, Aldrin-Kirk P, Li W, Björklund T, et al. Direct evidence of Parkinson pathology spread from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain in rats. Acta Neuropathol. 2014;128(6):805–20.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Araki K, Yagi N, Aoyama K, Choong CJ, Hayakawa H, Fujimura H, et al. Parkinson’s disease is a type of amyloidosis featuring accumulation of amyloid fibrils of α-synuclein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019;116(36):17963–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Luk KC, Kehm V, Carroll J, Zhang B, O’Brien P, Trojanowski JQ, et al. Pathological α-synuclein transmission initiates Parkinson-like neurodegeneration in nontransgenic mice. Science. 2012;338(6109):949–53.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Luk KC, Kehm VM, Zhang B, O’Brien P, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY. Intracerebral inoculation of pathological α-synuclein initiates a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative α-synucleinopathy in mice. J Exp Med. 2012;209(5):975–86.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Paumier KL, Luk KC, Manfredsson FP, Kanaan NM, Lipton JW, Collier TJ, et al. Intrastriatal injection of pre-formed mouse α-synuclein fibrils into rats triggers α-synuclein pathology and bilateral nigrostriatal degeneration. Neurobiol Dis. 2015;82:185–99.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kim S, Kwon SH, Kam TI, Panicker N, Karuppagounder SS, Lee S, et al. Transneuronal propagation of pathologic α-synuclein from the gut to the brain models Parkinson’s disease. Neuron. 2019;103:627–641.e7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hansen C, Angot E, Bergström AL, Steiner JA, Pieri L, Paul G, et al. α-Synuclein propagates from mouse brain to grafted dopaminergic neurons and seeds aggregation in cultured human cells. J Clin Invest. 2011;121:715–25.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rey NL, George S, Steiner JA, Madaj Z, Luk KC, Trojanowski JQ, et al. Spread of aggregates after olfactory bulb injection of α-synuclein fibrils is associated with early neuronal loss and is reduced long term. Acta Neuropathol. 2018;135(1):65–83.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rey NL, Petit GH, Bousset L, Melki R, Brundin P. Transfer of human α-synuclein from the olfactory bulb to interconnected brain regions in mice. Acta Neuropathol. 2013;126(4):555–73.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bousset L, Pieri L, Ruiz-Arlandis G, Gath J, Jensen PH, Habenstein B, et al. Structural and functional characterization of two alpha-synuclein strains. Nat Commun. 2013;4(1):2575.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Peelaerts W, Bousset L, Van Der Perren A, Moskalyuk A, Pulizzi R, Giugliano M, et al. α-Synuclein strains cause distinct synucleinopathies after local and systemic administration. Nature. 2015;522(7556):340–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gribaudo S, Tixador P, Bousset L, Fenyi A, Lino P, Melki R, et al. Propagation of α-synuclein strains within human reconstructed neuronal network. Stem Cell Reports. 2019;12(2):230–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Shahnawaz M, Mukherjee A, Pritzkow S, Mendez N, Rabadia P, Liu X, et al. Discriminating α-synuclein strains in Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy. Nature. 2020;578(7794):273–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Peng C, Gathagan RJ, Covell DJ, Medellin C, Stieber A, Robinson JL, et al. Cellular milieu imparts distinct pathological α-synuclein strains in α-synucleinopathies. Nature. 2018;557(7706):558–63.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lau A, So RWL, Lau HHC, Sang JC, Ruiz-Riquelme A, Fleck SC, et al. α-Synuclein strains target distinct brain regions and cell types. Nat Neurosci. 2020;23(1):21–31.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sacino AN, Brooks M, Thomas MA, McKinney AB, Lee S, Regenhardt RW, et al. Intramuscular injection of α-synuclein induces CNS α-synuclein pathology and a rapid-onset motor phenotype in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(29):10732–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gaspar R, Pallbo J, Weininger U, Linse S, Sparr E. Ganglioside lipids accelerate α-synuclein amyloid formation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1866;2018:1062–72.
Google Scholar
Hansen C, Björklund T, Petit GH, Lundblad M, Murmu RP, Brundin P, et al. A novel α-synuclein-GFP mouse model displays progressive motor impairment, olfactory dysfunction and accumulation of α-synuclein-GFP. Neurobiol Dis. 2013;56:145–55.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dunnett SB, Brooks SP. Motor assessment in Huntington’s disease mice. Methods Mol Biol. 2018;1780:121–41.
Kondziella W. A new method for the measuremet of muscle relaxation in white mice. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1964;152:277–84.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fujiwara H, Hasegawa M, Dohmae N, Kawashima A, Masliah E, Goldberg MS, et al. α-synuclein is phosphorylated in synucleinopathy lesions. Nat Cell Biol. 2002;4:160–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Anderson JP, Walker DE, Goldstein JM, De Laat R, Banducci K, Caccavello RJ, et al. Phosphorylation of Ser-129 is the dominant pathological modification of α-synuclein in familial and sporadic lewy body disease. J Biol Chem. 2006;281(40):29739–52.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Valdez G, Tapia JC, Kang H, Clemenson GD, Gage FH, Lichtman JW, et al. Attenuation of age-related changes in mouse neuromuscular synapses by caloric restriction and exercise. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(33):14863–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
McGeer PL, McGeer EG. Inflammation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2004;10 Suppl 1:S3–7.
Ladeby R, Wirenfeldt M, Garcia-Ovejero D, Fenger C, Dissing-Olesen L, Dalmau I, et al. Microglial cell population dynamics in the injured adult central nervous system. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2005;48(2):196–206.
Karperien A, Ahammer H, Jelinek HF. Quantitating the subtleties of microglial morphology with fractal analysis. Front Cell Neurosci. 2013;7:3.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wood SJ, Wypych J, Steavenson S, Louis JC, Citron M, Biere AL. α-Synuclein fibrillogenesis is nucleation-dependent. J Biol Chem. 1999;274(28):19509–12.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fink AL. The aggregation and fibrillation of α-synuclein. Acc Chem Res. 2006;39(9):628–34.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hoyer W, Antony T, Cherny D, Heim G, Jovin TM, Subramaniam V. Dependence of α-synuclein aggregate morphology on solution conditions. J Mol Biol. 2002;322(2):383–93.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Uversky VN, Li J, Fink AL. Evidence for a partially folded intermediate in alpha-synuclein fibril formation. J Biol Chem. 2001;276(14):10737–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Buell AK, Galvagnion C, Gaspar R, Sparr E, Vendruscolo M, Knowles TPJ. Solution conditions determine the relative importance of nucleation and growth processes in α -synuclein aggregation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(21):7671–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Suzuki G, Imura S, Hosokawa M, Katsumata R, Nonaka T, Hisanaga SI, et al. Αlpha-synuclein strains that cause distinct pathologies differentially inhibit proteasome. Elife. 2020;9:1–21.
Article
Google Scholar
Tarutani A, Suzuki G, Shimozawa A, Nonaka T, Akiyama H, Hisanaga SI, et al. The effect of fragmented pathogenic α-synuclein seeds on prion-like propagation. J Biol Chem. 2016;291(36):18675–88.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
El-Agnaf OMA, Jakes R, Curran MD, Wallace A. Effects of the mutations Ala30 to pro and Ala53 to Thr on the physical and morphological properties of α-synuclein protein implicated in Parkinson’s disease. FEBS Lett. 1998;440(1-2):67–70.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Narhi L, Wood SJ, Steavenson S, Jiang Y, Wu GM, Anafi D, et al. Both familial Parkinson’s disease mutations accelerate α-synuclein aggregation. J Biol Chem. 1999;274(14):9843–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Conway KA, Lee SJ, Rochet JC, Ding TT, Williamson RE, Lansbury PT. Acceleration of oligomerization, not fibrillization, is a shared property of both α-synuclein mutations linked to early-onset Parkinson’s disease: implications for pathogenesis and therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000;97(2):571–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Li J, Uversky VN, Fink AL. Effect of familial Parkinson’s disease point mutations A30P and A53T on the structural properties, aggregation, and fibrillation of human α-synuclein. Biochemistry. 2001;40(38):11604–13.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ghosh D, Singh PK, Sahay S, Jha NN, Jacob RS, Sen S, et al. Structure based aggregation studies reveal the presence of helix-rich intermediate during α-Synuclein aggregation. Sci Rep. 2015;5:1–15.
Article
Google Scholar
Kumar R, Das S, Mohite GM, Rout SK, Halder S, Jha NN, et al. Cytotoxic oligomers and fibrils trapped in a gel-like state of α-synuclein assemblies. ngew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2018;57:5262–6.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Afitska K, Fucikova A, Shvadchak VV, Yushchenko DA. α-Synuclein aggregation at low concentrations. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2019;1867(7-8):701–9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Giasson BI, Duda JE, Quinn SM, Zhang B, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM. Medicaid program; state share of financial participation--HCFA. Interim final rule with comment. Fed Regist. 1991;56:56132–40.
Google Scholar
Dauer W, Przedborski S. Parkinson’s disease: mechanisms and models. Neuron. 2003;39(6):889–909.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ma SY, Röyttä M, Rinne JO, Collan Y, Rinne UK. Correlation between neuromorphometry in the substantia nigra and clinical features in Parkinson’s disease using disector counts. J Neurol Sci. 1997;151(1):83–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kordower JH, Olanow CW, Dodiya HB, Chu Y, Beach TG, Adler CH, et al. Disease duration and the integrity of the nigrostriatal system in Parkinson’s disease. Brain. 2013;136(8):2419–31.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Marder K, Levy G, Louis ED, Mejia-Santana H, Cote L, Andrews H, et al. Familial aggregation of early- and late-onset Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol. 2003;54(4):507–13.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhong CB, Chen QQ, Haikal C, Li W, Svanbergsson A, Diepenbroek M, et al. Age-dependent alpha-synuclein accumulation and phosphorylation in the enteric nervous system in a transgenic mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Bull. 2017;33(5):483–92.
Chen QQ, Haikal C, Li W, Li MT, Wang ZY, Li JY. Age-dependent alpha-synuclein accumulation and aggregation in the colon of a transgenic mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Transl Neurodegener. 2018;7(1):13.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Telling GC, Scott M, Hsiao KK, Foster D, Yang SL, Torchia M, et al. Transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from humans to transgenic mice expressing chimeric human-mouse prion protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91(21):9936–40.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Telling GC, Scott M, Mastrianni J, Gabizon R, Torchia M, Cohen FE, et al. Prion propagation in mice expressing human and chimeric PrP transgenes implicates the interaction of cellular PrP with another protein. Cell. 1995;83(1):79–90.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Woerman AL, Oehler A, Kazmi SA, Lee J, Halliday GM, Middleton LT, et al. Multiple system atrophy prions retain strain specificity after serial propagation in two different Tg (SNCA*A53T) mouse lines. Acta Neuropathol. 2019;137(3):437–54.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Van der Perren A, Gelders G, Fenyi A, Bousset L, Brito F, Peelaerts W, et al. The structural differences between patient-derived α-synuclein strains dictate characteristics of Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies. Acta Neuropathol. 2020;139(6):977–1000.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Candelise N, Schmitz M, Llorens F, Villar-Piqué A, Cramm M, Thom T, et al. Seeding variability of different alpha synuclein strains in synucleinopathies. Ann Neurol. 2019;85(5):691–703.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Strohäker T, Jung BC, Liou SH, Fernandez CO, Riedel D, Becker S, et al. Structural heterogeneity of α-synuclein fibrils amplified from patient brain extracts. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):5535.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Breid S, Bernis ME, Babila JT, Garza MC, Wille H, Tamgüney G. Neuroinvasion of α-synuclein prionoids after intraperitoneal and intraglossal inoculation. J Virol. 2016;90(20):9182–93.
Ayers JI, Brooks MM, Rutherford NJ, Howard JK, Sorrentino ZA, Riffe CJ, et al. Robust central nervous system pathology in transgenic mice following peripheral injection of-synuclein fibrils. J Virol. 2017;91:2095–111.
Article
Google Scholar
Lohmann S, Bernis ME, Tachu BJ, Ziemski A, Grigoletto J, Tamgüney G. Oral and intravenous transmission of α-synuclein fibrils to mice. Acta Neuropathol. 2019;138(4):515–33.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sorrentino ZA, Xia Y, Funk C, Riffe CJ, Rutherford NJ, Ceballos Diaz C, et al. Motor neuron loss and neuroinflammation in a model of α-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis. 2018;120:98–106.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rutherford NJ, Dhillon JKS, Riffe CJ, Howard JK, Brooks M, Giasson BI. Comparison of the in vivo induction and transmission of α-synuclein pathology by mutant α-synuclein fibril seeds in transgenic mice. Hum Mol Genet. 2017;26(24):4906–15.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sorrentino ZA, Brooks MMT, Hudson V, Rutherford NJ, Golde TE, Giasson BI, et al. Intrastriatal injection of α-synuclein can lead to widespread synucleinopathy independent of neuroanatomic connectivity. Mol Neurodegener. 2017;12(1):40.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Patterson JR, Duffy MF, Kemp CJ, Howe JW, Collier TJ, Stoll AC, et al. Time course and magnitude of alpha-synuclein inclusion formation and nigrostriatal degeneration in the rat model of synucleinopathy triggered by intrastriatal α-synuclein preformed fibrils. Neurobiol Dis. 2019;130:104525.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Volpicelli-Daley LA, Luk KC, Patel TP, Tanik SA, Riddle DM, Stieber A, et al. Exogenous α-synuclein fibrils induce lewy body pathology leading to synaptic dysfunction and neuron death. Neuron. 2011;72(1):57–71.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gao HM, Kotzbauer PT, Uryu K, Leight S, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY. Neuroinflammation and oxidation/nitration of α-synuclein linked to dopaminergic neurodegeneration. J Neurosci. 2008;28(30):7687–98.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gao HM, Zhang F, Zhou H, Kam W, Wilson B, Hong JS. Neuroinflammation and α-synuclein dysfunction potentiate each other, driving chronic progression of neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Environ Health Perspect. 2011;119(6):807–14.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
He Q, Yu W, Wu J, Chen C, Lou Z, Zhang Q, et al. Intranasal LPS-mediated Parkinson’s model challenges the pathogenesis of nasal cavity and environmental toxins. PLoS One. 2013;8:e78418.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kelly LP, Carvey PM, Keshavarzian A, Shannon KM, Shaikh M, Bakay RAE, et al. Progression of intestinal permeability changes and alpha-synuclein expression in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2014;29(8):999–1009.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rutherford NJ, Sacino AN, Brooks M, Ceballos-Diaz C, Ladd TB, Howard JK, et al. Studies of lipopolysaccharide effects on the induction of α-synuclein pathology by exogenous fibrils in transgenic mice. Mol Neurodegener. 2015;10(1):32.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar