Articles

Cross-talks among GBA mutations, glucocerebrosidase, and α-synuclein in GBA-associated Parkinson’s disease and their targeted therapeutic approaches: a comprehensive review

Current therapies for Parkinson’s disease (PD) are palliative, of which the levodopa/carbidopa therapy remains the primary choice but is unable to modulate the progression of neurodegeneration. Due to the comp...

Authors: Tapan Behl, Gagandeep Kaur, Ovidiu Fratila, Camelia Buhas, Claudia Teodora Judea-Pusta, Nicoleta Negrut, Cristiana Bustea and Simona Bungau

Aberrations of biochemical indicators in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Accumulating evidence has suggested that the pathological changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are not only confined to the central nervous system but also occur in the peripheral circulating system....

Authors: Yangfan Cheng, Yongping Chen and Huifang Shang

Cerebral spinal fluid biomarker profiles in CNS infection associated with HSV and VZV mimic patterns in Alzheimer’s disease

Authors: Makiko Shinomoto, Takashi Kasai, Harutsugu Tatebe, Fukiko Kitani-Morii, Takuma Ohmichi, Yuzo Fujino, David Allsop, Toshiki Mizuno and Takahiko Tokuda

Neuropsychiatric symptoms are early indicators of an upcoming metabolic decline in Alzheimer’s disease

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are increasingly recognized as early non-cognitive manifestations in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum. However, the role of NPS as an early marker of pathophysiological pr...

Authors: Kok Pin Ng, Tharick A. Pascoal, Sulantha Mathotaarachchi, Yiong Huak Chan, Lai Jiang, Joseph Therriault, Andrea L. Benedet, Monica Shin, Nagaendran Kandiah, Celia M. T. Greenwood, Pedro Rosa-Neto and Serge Gauthier

Correction to: Surfen and oxalyl surfen decrease tau hyperphosphorylation and mitigate neuron deficits in vivo in a zebrafish model of tauopathy

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Seyedeh Maryam Alavi Naini, Constantin Yanicostas, Rahma Hassan-Abdi, Sébastien Blondeel, Mohamed Bennis, Ryan J. Weiss, Yitzhak Tor, Jeffrey D. Esko and Nadia Soussi-Yanicostas

Targeting neuroplasticity in patients with neurodegenerative diseases using brain stimulation techniques

Deficits in synaptic transmission and plasticity are thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Several brain stimulation techniques are currently av...

Authors: Ti-Fei Yuan, Wei-Guang Li, Chencheng Zhang, Hongjiang Wei, Suya Sun, Nan-Jie Xu, Jun Liu and Tian-Le Xu

Parkinson’s disease and translational research

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is diagnosed when patients exhibit bradykinesia with tremor and/or rigidity, and when these symptoms respond to dopaminergic medications. Yet in the last years there was a greater reco...

Authors: Elisabeth Dinter, Theodora Saridaki, Leonie Diederichs, Heinz Reichmann and Björn H. Falkenburger

Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders: the roles of microglia and astrocytes

Neuroinflammation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Microglia and astrocytes are key regulators of inflammatory...

Authors: Hyuk Sung Kwon and Seong-Ho Koh

Cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein predicts neurodegeneration and clinical progression in non-demented elders

Accumulating reports have suggested that α-synuclein is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α-synuclein has been suggested as a potential biomarker of AD,...

Authors: Jie-Qiong Li, Yan-Lin Bi, Xue-Ning Shen, Hui-Fu Wang, Wei Xu, Chen-Chen Tan, Qiang Dong, Yan-Jiang Wang, Lan Tan and Jin-Tai Yu

Maintaining the balance of TDP-43, mitochondria, and autophagy: a promising therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases

Mitochondria are the energy center of cell operations and are involved in physiological functions and maintenance of metabolic balance and homeostasis in the body. Alterations of mitochondrial function are ass...

Authors: Chunhui Huang, Sen Yan and Zaijun Zhang

Precision medicine in Parkinson’s disease patients with LRRK2 and GBA risk variants – Let’s get even more personal

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by motor deficits and a wide variety of non-motor symptoms. The age of onset, rate of disease progression and the precise profile of motor and non-motor symptoms displ...

Authors: Christian U. von Linstow, Ziv Gan-Or and Patrik Brundin

Targeting α-synuclein by PD03 AFFITOPE® and Anle138b rescues neurodegenerative pathology in a model of multiple system atrophy: clinical relevance

Misfolded oligomeric α-synuclein plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of α-synucleinopathies including Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy, and its detection parallels activation of microglia a...

Authors: Miguel Lemos, Serena Venezia, Violetta Refolo, Antonio Heras-Garvin, Sabine Schmidhuber, Armin Giese, Andrei Leonov, Sergey Ryazanov, Christian Griesinger, Gergana Galabova, Guenther Staffler, Gregor Karl Wenning and Nadia Stefanova

SPECT imaging of distribution and retention of a brain-penetrating bispecific amyloid-β antibody in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) immunotherapy with antibodies targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) has been extensively explored in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to study the long-term brain distribution of two radi...

Authors: Tobias Gustavsson, Stina Syvänen, Paul O’Callaghan and Dag Sehlin

Integrated lipidomics and proteomics network analysis highlights lipid and immunity pathways associated with Alzheimer’s disease

There is an urgent need to understand the pathways and processes underlying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) for early diagnosis and development of effective treatments. This study was aimed to investigate Alzheimer’s...

Authors: Jin Xu, Giulia Bankov, Min Kim, Asger Wretlind, Jodie Lord, Rebecca Green, Angela Hodges, Abdul Hye, Dag Aarsland, Latha Velayudhan, Richard J. B. Dobson, Petroula Proitsi and Cristina Legido-Quigley

Exploring the regulatory roles of circular RNAs in Alzheimer’s disease

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of covalently closed, single-stranded circular noncoding RNA that can affect the expression of many protein-coding genes. Growing evidence has shown that circRNAs play criti...

Authors: Yuan Zhang, Yanfang Zhao, Ying Liu, Man Wang, Wanpeng Yu and Lei Zhang

The relationships of vitamin D, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, and vitamin D supplementation with Parkinson’s disease

In recent years, many studies have investigated the correlations between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and vitamin D status, but the conclusion remains elusive. The present review focuses on the associations betwee...

Authors: Lingling Lv, Xuling Tan, Xinke Peng, Rongrong Bai, Qile Xiao, Ting Zou, Jieqiong Tan, Hainan Zhang and Chunyu Wang

Does wild-type Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase have pathogenic roles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by adult-onset progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Increasing numbers of genes are found to be associated with ALS; among those, the ...

Authors: Yoshiaki Furukawa and Eiichi Tokuda

GCH1 variants contribute to the risk and earlier age-at-onset of Parkinson’s disease: a two-cohort case-control study

Common and rare variants of guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) gene may play important roles in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of GCH1 genotypes, especial...

Authors: Hong-xu Pan, Yu-wen Zhao, Jun-pu Mei, Zheng-huan Fang, Yige Wang, Xun Zhou, Yang-jie Zhou, Rui Zhang, Kai-lin Zhang, Li Jiang, Qian Zeng, Yan He, Zheng Wang, Zhen-hua Liu, Qian Xu, Qi-ying Sun…

Inflammation-induced PINCH expression leads to actin depolymerization and mitochondrial mislocalization in neurons

Diseases and disorders with a chronic neuroinflammatory component are often linked with changes in brain metabolism. Among neurodegenerative disorders, people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and...

Authors: Kalimuthusamy Natarajaseenivasan, Santhanam Shanmughapriya, Prema Velusamy, Matthew Sayre, Alvaro Garcia, Nestor Mas Gomez and Dianne Langford

Increased prediction value of biomarker combinations for the conversion of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s dementia

Progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia can be predicted by clinical features and a combination of biomarkers may increase the predictive power. In the present study...

Authors: Aonan Zhao, Yuanyuan Li, Yi Yan, Yinghui Qiu, Binyin Li, Wei Xu, Ying Wang, Jun Liu and Yulei Deng

Early morning off in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a Chinese nationwide study and a 7-question screening scale

Early morning off (EMO) is a common feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to characterize its clinical features and develop a convenient and pragmatic self-assessment instrument in a Chinese na...

Authors: Chao Han, Wei Mao, Jing An, Lifei Jiao and Piu Chan

Nucleo–cytoplasmic transport defects and protein aggregates in neurodegeneration

In the ongoing process of uncovering molecular abnormalities in neurodegenerative diseases characterized by toxic protein aggregates, nucleo-cytoplasmic transport defects have an emerging role. Several pieces ...

Authors: Giacomo Bitetto and Alessio Di Fonzo

Potential use of corneal confocal microscopy in the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease associated neuropathy

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting about 2–3% of population above the age of 65. In recent years, Parkinson’s research has mainly focused on motor and non-mo...

Authors: Ning-Ning Che and Hong-Qi Yang

Downregulated miR-18b-5p triggers apoptosis by inhibition of calcium signaling and neuronal cell differentiation in transgenic SOD1 (G93A) mice and SOD1 (G17S and G86S) ALS patients

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and are key modulators in neurodegenerative diseases. Overexpressed miRNAs play an important ro...

Authors: Ki Yoon Kim, Yu Ri Kim, Kyung Won Choi, Mijung Lee, Somyung Lee, Wooseok Im, Je-Young Shin, Jin Young Kim, Yoon Ho Hong, Manho Kim, Jong-Il Kim and Jung-Joon Sung

Altered levels of CSF proteins in patients with FTD, presymptomatic mutation carriers and non-carriers

The clinical presentations of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are diverse and overlap with other neurological disorders. There are, as of today, no biomarkers in clinical practice for diagnosing the disorders. H...

Authors: Julia Remnestål, Linn Öijerstedt, Abbe Ullgren, Jennie Olofsson, Sofia Bergström, Kim Kultima, Martin Ingelsson, Lena Kilander, Mathias Uhlén, Anna Månberg, Caroline Graff and Peter Nilsson

Upregulation of RIN3 induces endosomal dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease

In Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), about one-third of the risk genes identified by GWAS encode proteins that function predominantly in the endocytic pathways. Among them, the Ras and Rab Interactor 3(RIN3) is a guan...

Authors: Ruinan Shen, Xiaobei Zhao, Lu He, Yongbo Ding, Wei Xu, Suzhen Lin, Savannah Fang, Wanlin Yang, Kijung Sung, Brian Spencer, Robert A. Rissman, Ming Lei, Jianqing Ding and Chengbiao Wu

Correction: GM604 regulates developmental neurogenesis pathways and the expression of genes associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: William R. Swindell, Krzysztof Bojanowski, Mark S. Kindy, Raymond M. W. Chau and Dorothy Ko

The human olfactory system in two proteinopathies: Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases

Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases are the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. Their etiologies are idiopathic, and treatments are symptomatic and orientated towards cognitive or motor deficits. Neur...

Authors: Isabel Ubeda-Bañon, Daniel Saiz-Sanchez, Alicia Flores-Cuadrado, Ernesto Rioja-Corroto, Melania Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Sandra Villar-Conde, Veronica Astillero-Lopez, Juan Pablo Cabello-de la Rosa, Maria Jose Gallardo-Alcañiz, Julia Vaamonde-Gamo, Fernanda Relea-Calatayud, Lucia Gonzalez-Lopez, Alicia Mohedano-Moriano, Alberto Rabano and Alino Martinez-Marcos

Mitochondria as a target for neuroprotection: role of methylene blue and photobiomodulation

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the formation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which are important factors contributing to the development of brain disease. Ample evidence suggests ...

Authors: Luodan Yang, Hannah Youngblood, Chongyun Wu and Quanguang Zhang

The compensatory phenomenon of the functional connectome related to pathological biomarkers in individuals with subjective cognitive decline

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a preclinical stage along the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum. However, little is known about the aberrant patterns of connectivity and topological alterations of the b...

Authors: Haifeng Chen, Xiaoning Sheng, Caimei Luo, Ruomeng Qin, Qing Ye, Hui Zhao, Yun Xu and Feng Bai

Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improves cognitive deficits and alleviates neuropathology in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analytic review on potential mechanisms

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder. Therapeutically, a transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) can play a beneficial role in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease. Howeve...

Authors: Chuan Qin, Yalan Lu, Kewei Wang, Lin Bai, Guiying Shi, Yiying Huang and Yongning Li

Paroxetine ameliorates prodromal emotional dysfunction and late-onset memory deficit in Alzheimer’s disease mice

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) such as depression, anxiety, apathy, and irritability occur in prodromal phases of clinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which might be an increased risk for later developing AD. H...

Authors: Peng-Hui Ai, Si Chen, Xian-Dong Liu, Xiao-Na Zhu, Yuan-Bo Pan, Dong-Fu Feng, Shengdi Chen, Nan-Jie Xu and Suya Sun

The emerging roles of vacuolar-type ATPase-dependent Lysosomal acidification in neurodegenerative diseases

Lysosomes digest extracellular material from the endocytic pathway and intracellular material from the autophagic pathway. This process is performed by the resident hydrolytic enzymes activated by the highly a...

Authors: Qiaoyun Song, Bo Meng, Haidong Xu and Zixu Mao

Peripheral clearance of brain-derived Aβ in Alzheimer's disease: pathophysiology and therapeutic perspectives

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, and no disease-modifying treatments are available to halt or slow its progression. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) is suggested to play a pivotal role in the pat...

Authors: Yuan Cheng, Ding-Yuan Tian and Yan-Jiang Wang

CSF total and oligomeric α-Synuclein along with TNF-α as risk biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease: a study in LRRK2 mutation carriers

Asymptomatic carriers of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene mutations constitute an ideal population for discovering prodromal biomarkers of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, we aim to identify CSF ...

Authors: Nour K. Majbour, Jan O. Aasly, Eldbjørg Hustad, Mercy A. Thomas, Nishant N. Vaikath, Naser Elkum, Wilma D. J. van de Berg, Takahiko Tokuda, Brit Mollenhauer, Henk W. Berendse and Omar M. A. El-Agnaf

Correction to: Effectiveness and safety of opicapone in Parkinson’s disease patients with motor fluctuations: the OPTIPARK open-label study

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Heinz Reichmann, Andrew Lees, José-Francisco Rocha, Diogo Magalhães and Patrício Soares-da-Silva

Human iPSCs derived astrocytes rescue rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in vitro by donating functional mitochondria

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the neurodegeneration diseases characterized by the gradual loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. Substantial evidence indicates that...

Authors: Xiao-Yu Cheng, Sangita Biswas, Juan Li, Cheng-Jie Mao, Olga Chechneva, Jing Chen, Kai Li, Jiao Li, Jin-Ru Zhang, Chun-Feng Liu and Wen-Bin Deng

Freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: pathophysiology, risk factors and treatments

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common, disabling symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the mechanisms and treatments of FOG remain great challenges for clinicians and researchers. The main focus of this review...

Authors: Chao Gao, Jun Liu, Yuyan Tan and Shengdi Chen

A different vision of translational research in biomarker discovery: a pilot study on circulatory mitochondrial proteins as Parkinson’s disease potential biomarkers

The identification of circulating biomarkers that closely correlate with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) has failed several times in the past. Nevertheless, in this pilot study, a translational approach was conducted...

Authors: Sandra I. Anjo, Patrícia Valério dos Santos, Luiza Rosado, Graça Baltazar, Inês Baldeiras, Diana Pires, Andreia Gomes, Cristina Januário, Miguel Castelo-Branco, Mário Grãos and Bruno Manadas

Current understanding of metal ions in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease

The homeostasis of metal ions, such as iron, copper, zinc and calcium, in the brain is crucial for maintaining normal physiological functions. Studies have shown that imbalance of these metal ions in the brain...

Authors: Lu Wang, Ya-Ling Yin, Xin-Zi Liu, Peng Shen, Yan-Ge Zheng, Xin-Rui Lan, Cheng-Biao Lu and Jian-Zhi Wang

Effectiveness and safety of opicapone in Parkinson’s disease patients with motor fluctuations: the OPTIPARK open-label study

The efficacy and safety of opicapone, a once-daily catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor, have been established in two large randomized, placebo-controlled, multinational pivotal trials. Still, clinical evide...

Authors: Heinz Reichmann, Andrew Lees, José-Francisco Rocha, Diogo Magalhães and Patrício Soares-da-Silva

Race modifies default mode connectivity in Alzheimer’s disease

Older African Americans are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD) than older Caucasians, and this difference cannot be readily explained by cerebrovascular and socioeconomic factors alone. We previou...

Authors: Maria B. Misiura, J. Christina Howell, Junjie Wu, Deqiang Qiu, Monica W. Parker, Jessica A. Turner and William T. Hu

Insights into the pathogenesis of multiple system atrophy: focus on glial cytoplasmic inclusions

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a debilitating and fatal neurodegenerative disorder. The disease severity warrants urgent development of disease-modifying therapy, but the disease pathogenesis is still enigma...

Authors: Seiji Kaji, Takakuni Maki, Tomoyuki Ishimoto, Hodaka Yamakado and Ryosuke Takahashi

Reprogrammed astrocytes display higher neurogenic competence, migration ability and cell death resistance than reprogrammed fibroblasts

The direct reprogramming of somatic cells into induced neural progenitor cells (iNPCs) has been envisioned as a promising approach to overcome ethical and clinical issues of pluripotent stem cell transplantati...

Authors: Xiaohuan Xia, Chunhong Li, Yi Wang, Xiaobei Deng, Yizhao Ma, Lu Ding and Jialin Zheng

Effect of the micro-environment on α-synuclein conversion and implication in seeded conversion assays

α-Synuclein is a small soluble protein, whose physiological function in the healthy brain is poorly understood. Intracellular inclusions of α-synuclein, referred to as Lewy bodies (LBs), are pathological hallm...

Authors: Niccolo Candelise, Matthias Schmitz, Katrin Thüne, Maria Cramm, Alberto Rabano, Saima Zafar, Erik Stoops, Hugo Vanderstichele, Anna Villar-Pique, Franc Llorens and Inga Zerr

Deep brain stimulation for Tourette’s syndrome

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of multiple motor and vocal tics. TS usually co-occurs with one or multiple psychiatric disorders. Although b...

Authors: Wenying Xu, Chencheng Zhang, Wissam Deeb, Bhavana Patel, Yiwen Wu, Valerie Voon, Michael S. Okun and Bomin Sun

Replacing what’s lost: a new era of stem cell therapy for Parkinson’s disease

Stem cells hold tremendous promise for regenerative medicine because they can be expanded infinitely, giving rise to large numbers of differentiated cells required for transplantation. Stem cells can be derive...

Authors: Yong Fan, Winanto and Shi-Yan Ng

δ-secretase in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanisms, regulators and therapeutic opportunities

Mammalian asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) is a cysteine protease that cleaves its protein substrates on the C-terminal side of asparagine residues. Converging lines of evidence indicate that AEP may be involved...

Authors: Zhentao Zhang, Ye Tian and Keqiang Ye

Correction to: Detecting neurodegenerative pathology in multiple sclerosis before irreversible brain tissue loss sets in

In the original publication of this article [1], the following statement should be added in the Acknowledgement section.

Authors: Jeroen Van Schependom, Kaat Guldolf, Marie Béatrice D’hooghe, Guy Nagels and Miguel D’haeseleer

Microbiome changes: an indicator of Parkinson’s disease?

Parkinson’s disease is characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss and intracellular inclusions composed mainly of alpha synuclein (α-syn), but the mechanism of pathogenesis is still obscure. In recent years, mo...

Authors: Caroline Haikal, Qian-Qian Chen and Jia-Yi Li