From: Overlaps and divergences between tauopathies and synucleinopathies: a duet of neurodegeneration
Type of proteinopathy | Disease | Clinical manifestation | Protein/cell type/ pathology | Main affected regions in the CNS and PNS |
---|---|---|---|---|
Synucleinopathy | Parkinson's disease [25] | Non-motor symptoms, tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia | α-syn/neurons/Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs) | Substantia nigra, basal ganglia |
Visual hallucinations, cognitive decline, difficulty walking, rigidity | α-syn/neurons/LBs and LNs | Cortical and subcortical region | ||
Slowness of movement, stiffness, cerebellar ataxia, autonomic failure | α-syn/oligodendrocytes/GCIs | Basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, spinal cord | ||
Pure autonomic failure [30] | Orthostatic hypotension, autonomic failure, RBD | α-syn/neurons/LBs and LNs | Autonomic nerves and ganglia, nigra, locus coeruleus | |
Primary tauopathy | Cortiobasal degeneration [31] | Apraxia, dystonia, lack of balance, stiffness, dementia | 4R tau/glia and neurons/ballooned neurons, pretangles, coiled bodies | Cortex and basal ganglia |
Pick's disease [32] | Dementia with frontotemporal degeneration | 3R tau/glia and neurons/Pick bodies, ballooned neurons | Cortex and hippocampus | |
Progressive supranuclear palsy [33] | Ocular motor dysfunction, postural instability, akinesia, dementia | 4R tau/glia and neurons/NFTs, globose tangles, tufted astrocytes, coiled bodies | Cortex, basal ganglia, brainstem | |
“Dementia pugilistica” Headaches, dementia, abnormal gait, depression, related to TBI | 3R/4R tau/neurons and glia/NFTs | Cortex, basal ganglia, brainstem, depths of cerebral sulci | ||
Primary age-related tauopathy [36] | “Tangle-only dementia” | 3R/4R tau/neurons/NFTs | Cortex, brainstem, olfactory bulb | |
Secondary tauopathy | Alzheimer's disease [37] | Dementia, with random motor deficits and personality changes | 3R/4R tau/neurons/NFTs, plaques, neuropil threads | Hippocampus, limbic, entorhinal cortex, neocortex |