Table 1 Summary of studies exploring the effects of dietary fasting and TRE in HD
Study | Models/patients | Intervention | Fasting/feeding time per cycle | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Duan et al. [85] | N171-82Q HD mice | 3-month ADF | 24-h/24-h | Delayed disease onset; slowed disease progression; ↑ survival; ↑ motor function; ↓ brain atrophy; ↓ mHTT aggregate formation and apoptotic protease activation; normalized blood glucose regulation; ↓ tissue wasting and weight loss; ↑ BDNF and protein chaperone levels in brain |
Ehrnhoefer et al. [79] | YAC128 HD mice | 1-week TRE | 18-h/6-h | ↓ mTOR; ↑ SIRT1; ↑ neuronal autophagy; ↓ cortical mHTT protein |
Wang et al. [130] | Q175 HD mice | 3-month TRE | 18-h/6-h | ↑ Circadian locomotor activity; ↑ coordination in onset of sleep; ↑ HRV; ↑ motor function; restoration of HD-relevant markers in striatal gene expression analysis |
Whittaker et al. [131] | BACHD mice | 3-month TRE | 18-h/6-h | ↑ Circadian locomotor activity; ↑ time spent sleeping during rest phase; ↑coordination in onset of sleep; ↑ HRV; ↑ motor function |
Phillips et al. [113] | N-of-1, unblinded clinical trial of a 41-year-old male patient with HD | 48-week TRKD | 2 meals/day, 1 h/meal, no snacks | Improvements in motor symptoms, activities of daily living, cUHDRS score, behavioral problems, irritability, mood-related quality of life; no change in cognition; weight remained stable, no reported adverse effects |