Fig. 7

L. plantarum L5 enhanced the GABA levels in the small intestines of ET mice. a Orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plot of the neurotransmitter levels in the small intestine. b Relative levels of GABA in the small intestine. c Heatmap showing the correlations between the neurotransmitter levels in the small intestine and the parameters indicating ET severity. d Heatmap showing the correlations between the neurotransmitter levels in the small intestine and the generic-level abundances of gut microbes. 5-HIAA, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid; 5-HT, serotonin hydrochloride; 5-HTP, 5-hydroxytryptophan; Ach, acetylcholine chloride; E, adrenaline hydrochloride; GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid; Gln, L-glutamine; Glu, L-glutamic acid; His, L-histidine; HisA, histamine; Kyn, DL-kynurenine; KynA, kynurenic acid; L5, L. plantarum L5; NE, noradrenaline hydrochloride; NS, normal saline; Trp, L-tryptophan; TrpA, tryptamine; Tyr, L-tyrosine; TyrA, tyramine; VMA, vanillymandelic acid. The box plots indicate the median and interquartile range. ^*P < 0.05; ^**P < 0.01; ^***P < 0.001