Fig. 1

Bevacizumab treatment improves long-term memory in 5×FAD mice. a The experimental timeline of bevacizumab treatment. b Schematic of the novel object recognition (NOR) task. A and B indicate different objects. c Representative heatmaps of the traveling paths of female mice during the test session of the NOR task. d The discrimination index (DI%) and the total time spent exploring both objects (total exploration time) during the training and test sessions in the NOR task (n = 6–10 female mice per group). e Representative heatmaps of the traveling paths of male mice during the test session of the NOR task. f The discrimination index (DI%) and the total time spent exploring both objects (total exploration time) during the training and test sessions in the NOR task (n = 6–9 male mice per group). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD test, except Test DI (%) data in panel f, which were analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test. WT (Veh): wild-type littermates receiving sham treatment, AD (Veh): 5×FAD mice receiving sham treatment, AD (Bev): 5×FAD mice receiving bevacizumab treatment