Fig. 4

PDDC ameliorates hippocampal cell layer thinning and mossy fiber synaptophysin loss in PS19 mice. a–h Pyramidal cell layer thickness in the CA1 region (a–d) and granule cell layer thickness in the dentate gyrus (DG, e–h) of WT, vehicle-treated PS19 and PDDC-treated PS19 mice. Nuclei shown in blue. Scale bar, 20 µm. d, h Quantification of neuronal cell density counts from CA1 (d) and DG (h). N = 122–141 images from 7 to 8 mice/group. i–l Synaptophysin staining (green) of the mossy fiber layer in the CA3 from WT (i), vehicle-treated PS19 (j), and PDDC-treated PS19 (k) mice. Scale bars, 50 µm. l Quantification of the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of synaptophysin staining in the mossy fiber layer. Bars represent mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. N = 45–54 images from 5 to 6 mice/group. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison