Table 2 Brief description of the commonly used in vitro microglial models

Mouse

BV2

Derived by immortalizing neonatal C57/BL6 murine microglia

[86, 117, 166, 174]

B6M7

Immortalized from primary microglia isolated from C57BL/6 J mice brain

[35]

N9

Derived by immortalizing embryonic mouse brain microglia by v-mil oncogenes

[175, 176]

SIM-A9

Spontaneously Immortalized Microglia-A9 cell line (SIM-A9) from a primary glial culture of postnatal murine cerebral cortices

[177]

Primary cells

Derived from mouse pup postnatal brain tissues, plated and cultured to obtain adherent microglia culture

[35, 54]

Human

HMC3 (CHME3, CHME5)

Derived by transfecting primary human embryonic microglial cells with the SV40 large T antigen

[57, 65, 178]

iPSCs-derived microglia

Obtained via reprogramming human fibroblasts (or other cells) into induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) followed by differentiation into microglia by providing key microglial growth factors and signaling molecules

[170, 179]

Primary

Isolated from brain specimens obtained at autopsy or at surgery. Commercially available primary human microglia are obtained from CNS-Cortex

[180]

Rat

Primary

Obtained from postnatal brain tissues of rats, plated and cultured to obtain adherent microglia culture

[181]