Table 1 Antagonists of NLRP3 and their pharmacological properties

MCC950

Specifically inhibits NLRP3 activation, but not AIM2, NLRC4, or NLRP1 activation

Independent of K⁺ efflux, Ca²⁺ flux, or NLRP3-ASC interaction

[19, 164, 168,169,170]

CY-09

Specifically inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Independent of signal 1 (priming step); binds to NLRP3 and inhibits its ATPase activity

[164, 167]

OLT1177

Specifically inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, but not AIM2 or NLRC4 inflammasomes

Independent of signal 1 (priming step); binds to NLRP3 and inhibits its ATPase activity

[164, 171, 172]

Tranilast

Specific inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome

Binds to the NACHT domain of NLRP3 to inhibit NLRP3-NLRP3 interaction and subsequent ASC oligomerization

[173,174,175]

Oridonin

Specifically inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, but not AIM2 or NLRC4 inflammasome activation

Binds to cysteine 279 in the NACHT domain to prevent NEK7-NLRP3 interaction

[176,177,178,179,180]