Fig. 2
From: NLRP3 inflammasome in cognitive impairment and pharmacological properties of its inhibitors
Schematic diagram of the effects of NLRP3 on pyroptosis. When NLRP3 inflammasome is activated, the activated caspase-1 cleaves Gasdermin D into two fragments (N-terminal domain and C-terminal domain) [75, 76]. The GSDMD-N domain can form a pore in the lipid membrane, mediating the release of IL-1β and IL-18, inducing inflammatory cell death, and leading to pyroptosis [6, 77, 78]. Multiple signaling pathways are involved in this process. After P2X7R activation, NLRP3 inflammasome activation is stimulated [117]. TLR4 activates the p65 subunit of NF-κB and promotes the transcription of NLRP3 components, thereby activating the NLRP3 inflammasome [126,127,128]