Table 2 The fundamental ALS disease processes and associated pathways and mechanisms
From: Janus kinase inhibitors are potential therapeutics for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Disease process | Pathways/mechanisms involved |
|---|---|
Mitochondrial dysfunction | JAK/STAT pathway |
Pyruvate metabolism | |
Mitochondrial quality control | |
Electron Transport Chain | |
Protein aggregate formation | JAK/STAT pathway |
Protein localisation | |
Autophagy | |
RNA metabolism dysfunction | Nuclear cytoplasmic transport |
RNA splicing | |
Neuroinflammation and glial toxicity | JAK/STAT pathway |
Astrocyte and microglial activation | |
Type 1 IFN activation | |
NK cell activation | |
Denervation and Muscle atrophy | JAK/STAT pathway |
Autophagy | |
IL-6 signalling | |
Activin A/SMAD signalling | |
FOXO3 pathway | |
Excitotoxicity | JAK/STAT pathway |
Synaptic glutamate clearance | |
Glutamate receptor activity | |
Cytoplasmic Ca buffering | |
ER stress | JAK/STAT pathway |
IRE1α/PERK/ATF6 |