Role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease

Table 1 Proteins modified by DAQs and DOPAL

Proteins or peptides	Modified residues	DA oxidation products	References
Apoferritin protein	–	DA	[72]
α-Syn	Lysine	DOPAL	[68, 69, 73,74,75]
α-Syn	–	DA	[76, 77]
α-Syn	–	DPQ	[78]
α-Syn	Lysine	DPQ	[71]
α-Syn	–	DAQs	[79, 80]
GCase	Cysteine	DAQs	[81]
Parkin	Cysteine	DA	[82]
DJ-1	Cysteine106 and Cysteine53	DAQs	[83]
DJ-1	Cysteine	DAQs	[57, 84]
Chaperonin	Cysteine	DAQs	[57]
Ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase core protein 1	Cysteine	DAQs	[57]
Mortalin	Cysteine	DAQs	[57]
Mitofilin	Cysteine	DAQs	[57]
Mitochondrial creatine kinase	Cysteine	DAQs	[57]
Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1	Cysteine	DAQs	[57]
Glutathione peroxidase 4	–	DAQs	[85]
Actin	–	DAQs	[86]
α-, β-tubulin	–	DAQs	[86]
BSA	Cysteine	DAQs	[87, 88]
BSA	–	DOPAL	[67]
GAPDH	Cysteine	DOPAL	[64, 89]
HSP27	Lysine	DAQs	[59]
αB-crystallin	Lysine	DAQs	[59]
β-lactoglobulin	Cysteine	DAQs	[87]
Synthesized peptide	Tyrosine/Serine	DAQs	[26]
Myoglobin	Cysteine/Histidine	DAQs	[90]
L-lactate dehydrogenase	–	DAQs	[91]
Malate dehydrogenase	–	DAQs	[91]
Superoxide dismutase 2	Cysteine	DAQs	[92]
TH	Cysteine	DAQs	[93, 94]
TH	–	DOPAL	[95]
VMAT2	–	DPQ	[71]
GBA	–	DPQ	[71]
Ubiquitin	–	–	[71]
L-aromatic-amino-acid decarboxylase	–	DPQ	[71]

ISSN: 2047-9158