Research progress on the role of extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative diseases

Table 3 The role of extracellular vesicles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Source of EVs	Content with biomarker potential	Mouse and cell models for mechanistic studies	Downstream molecules	References
NSC-34 cells, astrocytes, and plasma	SOD1	NA	NA	[142,143,144]
CSF and HEK-293 cells	TDP-43	CamKIIa-hTDP43_NLSm mice	NA	[139, 146, 147]
SH-SY5Y and N2A cells	FUS	NA	DHX9, Matrin-3, DDX3X, and Caprin-1	[148]
NSC34 cells	DPR	NA	NA	[141]
CSF	miR-34a, miR-335, and miR-625-3p	Motor neurons	BCL2, IL6R, MAP3K7, PLCG1, PPARA, PRRC2B, CD47, CSNK2A1, HSPA8, and TRIAP1	[149]
CSF	miR-124-3p	SOD1G93A mice	NA	[150]
CSF and Serum	miR-132-5p, miR-132-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-143-5p, and miR-574-5p	NA	TDP-43	[151]
Serum	miR-27a-3p	NA	NA	[152]
Serum	miR-342-3p, miR-1254, miR-587, miR-298, miR-4443, and miR-450a-2-3p	iNeurons	NDST4	[153]
Astrocytes	miR-155, miR-21, and miR-146a	SOD1G93A mice	Apoptosis, kinesin-1, nNOS, and synaptic-related genes	[154]

NA No accessible data in the study; CSF Cerebrospinal fluid; iNeurons Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons; NSC-34 cells Mouse motor neuron-like hybrid cell line; HEK-293 cells Human embryonic kidney 293 cells

ISSN: 2047-9158