Fig. 2

Altered astrocytic EV secretion can be partially attributed to lysosomal dysfunction. a, b Relative fluorescence unit of Cathepsin L (CTSL) in primary astrocytes overexpressing A53T α-syn or with exposure to α-syn aggregates. c The protein level of CTSL in astrocytes detected by western blotting. d Quantification of the protein levels of CTSL (including the precursor, intermediate, and mature forms) in astrocytes overexpressing A53T α-syn or with exposure to α-syn aggregates. N = 3 independent repeats. e, f Representative images of LysoTracker Red in astrocytes with overexpression of A53T α-syn (e) or α-syn aggregate exposure (f). g, h Quantification of the number of LysoTracker Red in astrocytes with overexpression of A53T α-syn (g) or α-syn aggregate exposure (h). N = 15–18 astrocytes from 3 independent experimental repeats. The astrocytes treated with 100 nM Baf-A1 were used as a positive control. Scale bars, 20 μm. Values are means ± S.E.M., unpaired t-test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ****P < 0.001