Table 2 Seeding activity of pathological α-syn in different samples from MSA patients measured by seeding aggregation assays
From: Multidimensional biomarkers for multiple system atrophy: an update and future directions
Sample | Research group | Participants | Assay(s) | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cerebrospinal fluid | Singer et al. [46] | 62 MSA, 16 PD, 13 DLB, 29 HC | PMCA | 96.8% (60/62) of MSA patients showed positive seeding activity |
Maximum ThT fluorescence significantly distinguished MSA from HC (AUC = 0.97) and PD/DLB (AUC = 0.93) | ||||
The fluorescence plateau occurred significantly earlier in MSA than PD/DLB | ||||
Shahnawaz et al. [45] | 75 MSA, 94 PD, 56 HC | PMCA | 86.7% (66/75) of MSA patients showed positive seeding activity | |
The fluorescence plateau occurred significantly earlier and was lower in MSA compared to PD | ||||
The biochemical and morphological features of α-syn aggregates were different between MSA and PD | ||||
Poggiolini et al. [47] | 24 MSA, 74 PD, 45 iRBD, 55 HC | RT-QuIC | 75.0% (18/24) of MSA patients showed positive seeding activity | |
RT-QuIC parameters were associated with UMSARS change | ||||
Rossi et al. [48] | 33 MSA, 48 DLB, 60 AD, 31 PSP/CBS, 71 PD, 18 iRBD, 28 PAF, 143 HC | RT-QuIC | Pathologic seeding activity was seldom found in MSA | |
Quadalti et al. [49] | 68 MSA, 116 PD, 52 PSP, 34 HC | RT-QuIC | Only 4.4% (3/68) of MSA patients showed positive seeding activity | |
Saliva | Luan et al. [50] | 18 MSA, 75 PD, 36HC | RT-QuIC | 61.1% (11/18) of MSA patients showed positive seeding activity |
The fluorescence plateau significantly distinguished MSA from HC (AUC = 0.8194) | ||||
The lag phase was significantly longer in MSA than in PD | ||||
Skin | Wang et al. [41] | 3 MSA, 47 PD, 7 LBD, 17 AD, 8 PSP, 5 CBD, 43 HCs (autopsy) | RT-QuIC, PMCA | 66.7% (2/3) of MSA patients showed positive seeding activity |
Donadio et al. [140] | 8 MSA, 17 PD, 5 DLB, 3 PAF | RT-QuIC | Seeding activity from patients with synucleinopathies was higher than that of non-synucleinopathies | |
Olfactory mucosa | De Luca et al. [146] | 11 MSA, 18 PD, 6 CBD, 12 PSP | RT-QuIC | 81.8% (9/11) of MSA patients showed positive seeding activity |
The biochemical and morphological features of α-syn aggregates were different between MSA and PD | ||||
Bargar et al. [147] | 30 MSA, 13 PD, 11 HC | RT-QuIC | 90% (18/20) of MSA-P and only 10% (1/10) of MSA-C patients showed positive seeding activity | |
Seeding activity positively correlated with rigidity and postural instability | ||||
De Luca et al. [148] | 2 MSA, 2 PD, 1 HC | RT-QuIC | 100% (2/2) of MSA patients showed positive seeding activity | |
The biochemical and morphological features of α-syn aggregates were different between MSA and PD |