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Fig. 2 | Translational Neurodegeneration

Fig. 2

From: Links between COVID-19 and Parkinson’s disease/Alzheimer’s disease: reciprocal impacts, medical care strategies and underlying mechanisms

Fig. 2

Putative mechanisms of the link between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease (AD). With the aid of TMPRSS2, the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds with ACE2 to enter the host cell. The SARS-CoV-2 virus may affect the brain in the following ways: vascular damage (BBB breakdown), systemic inflammation, and direct neuroinvasion. Neuroinflammation, OAS1, APOE genotype, aging, insulin resistance, acetylcholine, and Aβ may mediate the links between COVID-19 and AD. ACE2: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; Aβ: Amyloid-beta; APOE: apolipoprotein E; BBB: blood–brain barrier; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; NFTs: neurofibrillary tangles; NRP1: neuropilin 1; OAS1: oligoadenylate synthetase 1; SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; TMPRSS2: transmembrane serine protease 2

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Translational Neurodegeneration

ISSN: 2047-9158

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