Fig. 6
VBIT-4 treatment of 5 × FAD mice protects against cell death. a Representative TUNEL staining of cortical sections from WT, untreated-, and VBIT-4-treated-5 × FAD mice, with a magnification of the selected area (i). The arrows point to apoptotic cells stained green/yellow; red represents propidium iodine-stained nuclei. b Average number of TUNEL-stained cells per mm2. c–f Confocal images of cortical sections from WT, untreated- and VBIT-4-treated-5 × FAD mice co-immunostained for VDAC1 and activated caspase-3 (c) with a magnification of the selected area (ii), or p53 (e) and their quantifications (d, f). Results show means ± SEM (n = 3 mice), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. P-value in blue color represents the significance of VBIT-4-treated relative to untreated 5 × FAD mice. NS, not significant