Fig. 3

TGFβ signaling mediates neurogenic, migration, and survival capacity of iNPCs. a Photographs of identical fields of neurospheres were taken for FiNPCs and AiNPCs in proliferation conditions. b The number and size of neurospheres in each field were measured. c Cells expressing Sox2, Nestin or Ki67 specific immunoreactivities in FiNPCs and AiNPCs. d The proportions of Sox2⁺, Nestin⁺, or Ki67⁺ cells in each field were counted. e The transcript expression of Sox2, Nestin and Ki67 was determined by qPCR analysis. f Cells expressing Tuj1 and GFAP specific immunoreactivities in FiNPCs and AiNPCs in differentiation conditions. g The proportions of cells expressing Tuj1 or GFAP in each field were counted. h The transcript expression of Tuj1 and GFAP was determined by qPCR analysis. i Cells expressing vGlut, GABA or ChAT specific immunoreactivities in FiNPCs and AiNPCs in extended culture. j The proportions of cells expressing vGlut, GABA or ChAT in each field were counted. k Photographs of identical fields of cells were taken for the FiNPCs and AiNPCs groups at 0 h and 24 h in wound healing assay. l The total number of invading cells of each field was counted and represented in fold change. m Photographs of identical fields of DAPI labeled cells were taken for FiNPCs and AiNPCs in transwells for 12 h. n The total number of migrated cells of each field was counted and represented in fold change. o, q Photographs of identical fields of TUNEL⁺ cells were taken for FiNPCs and AiNPCs in proliferation o and differentiation q conditions. p, r The total number of TUNEL⁺ cells in proliferation p and differentiation r conditions was counted and represented in proportions. Scale bars represent 100 μm (a, m), 50 μm (c, f, i, o, q), and 400 μm (k). Data were normalized to GAPDH and presented as fold change. Error bars denote s.d. from triplicate measurements. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ***P < 0.0001 by two-tailed t test (n = 3).