Fig. 1

Study workflow. Protein and lipid modules were produced, and their preservation was investigated. An internal validation among AD, MCI and CTL groups was performed for the protein and lipid modules, and additional external validation of the protein modules was performed against the ART cohort. Correlation analyses among lipid modules, protein modules and phenotypes (clinical diagnosis, rate of cognitive decline, left and right hippocampal volumes, left and right entorhinal cortex volumes) were made separately and led to a selected number of modules. Gene ontology enrichment analysis was applied for selected protein modules, while the annotation of lipid species was conducted for selected lipid modules. The associations between lipid/protein modules and AD risk loci were also investigated