Oscillation-specific nodal alterations in early to middle stages Parkinson’s disease

Table 1 The distribution of demographic and clinical information

Item	PD	EPD	MPD	NC	P_{(PD vs. NC)}	P_{(EPD vs. NC)}	P_{(MPD vs. NC)}	P_{(MPD vs. EPD)}
Number (F/M)	88 (38/50)	39 (18/21)	49 (20/29)	36 (20/16)	0.210	0.491	0.195	0.668
Age, mean ± SD	59.72 ± 8.99	56.48 ± 8.15	62.30 ± 8.86	58.14 ± 8.09	0.360	1.000	0.078	0.005
Duration, mean ± SD	3.73 ± 3.32	3.37 ± 3.58	4.01 ± 3.11	–	–	–	–	0.375
MMSE, mean ± SD	27.22 ± 2.51	28.08 ± 1.87	26.53 ± 2.76	28.69 ± 1.65	0.001^ab	0.096^ab	< 0.001^ab	0.004^ab
Education, mean ± SD	8.34 ± 4.82	10.03 ± 4.09	7.00 ± 4.96	11.23 ± 3.63	0.002^a	0.157^a	< 0.001^a	0.005^a
Hoehn-Yahr stage, mean ± SD	1.69 ± 0.54	1.14 ± 0.23	2.13 ± 0.22	–	–	–	–	< 0.001
UPDRS motor score, mean ± SD	24.68 ± 13.52	14.79 ± 6.09	32.55 ± 12.61	0.64 ± 1.13	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Akinesia/rigidity score, mean ± SD	15.95 ± 9.54	8.85 ± 3.92	21.61 ± 8.89	–	–	–	–	< 0.001
Tremor score, mean ± SD	4.05 ± 3.95	2.54 ± 1.77	5.24 ± 4.74	–	–	–	–	< 0.001
Head motion, mean ± SD	0.128 ± 0.077	0.121 ± 0.077	0.134 ± 0.077	0.129 ± 0.065	0.512^a	0.252^a	0.922^a	0.380^a

^aMann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test
^bNo significance after adjusting education
-: Data not available
PD Parkinson’s disease, EPD Early stage Parkinson’s disease, MPD Middle stage Parkinson’s disease, NC Normal controls
MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, UPDRS United Parkinson’s disease Rating Scale

ISSN: 2047-9158