Table 8 Some important dietary components which may prevent or delay PD progression

Fava beans

Levodopa

Increases dopamine levels.

[347, 348]

Olive oil

Hydroxytyrosol

Antioxidants.

[212, 349, 350]

Turmeric powder

Curcuminoid

Antioxidants, decrease SNCA aggregation, anti-inflammatory

[215, 351, 352]

Cinnamon

Sodium benzoate

Stops the loss of Parkin and DJ-1 in Parkinson’s mice model.

[219, 218]

Soy (genistein)

Isoflavone

Increases dopamine, dopamine transporters, and Bcl₂ levels

[212, 353]

Coffee

Caffeine

Antioxidants, adenosine A2A receptor antagonists.

[354,355,356]

Tea

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), theaflavins

Antioxidants, antiamyloid, decreases activity of COMT, increases dopamine uptake

[356,357,358]

Red wine

Resveratrol

Anti-amyloid, prevent blood clots and decreases inflammation.

[212, 359]

Fish

Omega-3 fatty acids (DHA)

Antidepressant effect, lowers blood pressure, and decreases the risk of strokes and inflammation.

[360,361,362,363]