Table 1 Gene-smoking interactions for Parkinson Disease
From: Nicotine from cigarette smoking and diet and Parkinson disease: a review
First author, year of publication | Study participants | Gene studied | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
Greenbaum, 2013 [109] | 667 Italian PD patients | CHRNA3, CHRNA4, and CHRNA5 | A significant interaction between the CHRNA5 (rs588765) and smoking status (never smokers vs. ever-smokers) |
Hancock, 2006 [110] | 466 singleton and 286 multiplex families in the United States | NOS2A | Significant interactions of NOS2A (rs2255929 and rs1060826) with smoking in a subset of the families |
Miyake, 2012 [113] | 229 PD patients and 357 controls in Japan | SNCA | Significant interactions between SNCA (rs356219 and rs356220) and smoking with respect to sporadic PD |
McCulloch, 2008 [112] | 932 PD patients and 664 controls in the United States | MAPT, SNCA, UCHL1, and APOE | A significant interaction between SNCA REP1 and smoking |
584 PD patients and 1571 controls (non-Hispanic Caucasians) | SNCA, MAPT, SLC2A13, and HLA | A significant interaction with rs2896905 at SLC2A13 | |
Palma, 2010 [115] | 767 PD patients and 1989 controls in Europe | CYP1B1, CYP2D6, GSTM1, GSTM3, GSTT1, GSTP1, NQ01, SOD2, EPHX, NAT2, MAOA, MAOB, DAT1, and DRD2 | Significant interactions between smoking and GSTM1 Pos/Null, GSTP1 haplotype, and NAT2 Fast/slow |