Fig. 5

Autophagy is significantly increased in monocytes after 6 months of sargramostim treatment. a Canonical pathway enrichment analysis of 84 key autophagy gene measurements was performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA; Qiagen). Orange color (activation), blue color (inhibition), and grey color (no activity pattern). b Monodansylcadaverine (MDC) and propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence indicating autophagy and cytotoxicity, respectively, in monocytes at 6 months of sargramostim treatment compared to baseline (n = 4). Data are represented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance between the groups was determined with paired Student’s t-test and P ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. c Canonical pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed proteins in monocytes at 6 months of sargramostim treatment using IPA (Qiagen). Orange color (activation), blue color (inhibition), and grey color (no activity pattern) (figure modified from previous publication [33]). d Gene ontology (GO)-term functional enrichment by five categories (immune response, biological process, cellular component, KEGG, and Reactome) was performed using Cytoscape in conjunction with the plug-in ClueGO and in consideration of a prior published report [25]. 6 M: 6 months; RFU Relative fluorescence units, KEGG Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes