Fig. 2

Sargramostim increases regulatory T cell function that correlates with clinical improvement. a Quantification of Treg-mediated suppression of Tresp (CD4⁺CD25⁻) proliferation at various Tresp:Treg ratios following every 6 months of treatment. Treg-mediated suppression is reported as percent inhibition. b Linear regression analysis indicates slopes with an r² ≥ 0.67, P < 0.0001 for all lines and significant elevation (P < 0.05) from baseline at all time points. Exact P values for all monthly time-point elevations are listed. c, d Quantification of Treg activity as determined by the mean area under the curve (AUC) (± SEM) (c) and by the mean number of Tregs required for 50% inhibition (± SEM) at each sampling time (d). Blue nodes indicate baseline assessment, green nodes indicate sargramostim treatment, and red nodes indicate 1 month follow-up after drug cessation. The blue dashed line indicates baseline mean and green dashed line indicates on-treatment mean. Differences in means (± SEM) for each dependent variable grouped by time on treatment were determined by one-way ANOVA and P values for multiple comparisons with baseline were adjusted by Dunnett's post-hoc test (marked by letter “a”) and by the method of Benjamini, Krieger and Yekutieli [36] for false discovery rate (FDR) (*) where P ≤ 0.05. e Correlation analysis of Treg activity determined by area under the curve (AUC) versus UPDRS, Parts II + III. f Correlation analysis of Treg activity as determined by 50% Inhibitory Treg number versus UPDRS, Parts II + III. For both correlation analyses, regression bands are indicated by dashes lines encompassing the 95% confidence intervals (red) and the 95% prediction values (blue). Pearson values are denoted on each graph and were determined using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients. Best-fit lines were determined by linear regression