Longitudinal evolution of cortical thickness signature reflecting Lewy body dementia in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder: a prospective cohort study

Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of the participants in this study

	Healthy controls	iRBD	DLB	P value
n	44	50	22
Male/female	15/29	27/23	13/8	0.14
Age (years)	68.6 ± 6.3	70.6 ± 5.9	76.1 ± 5.9	6.37 × 10^–5a
RBD duration (years)	–	5.0 ± 4.7	–	0.47
MMSE	27.7 ± 2.1	27.0 ± 2.6	18.7 ± 5.3	2.62 × 10^–9b
B-SIT	–	6.2 ± 2.8	–	0.84
MDS-UPDRS part I	–	8.1 ± 5.8	15.8 ± 10.1	0.0032
MDS-UPDRS part II	–	4.1 ± 4.2	15.4 ± 11.3	1.02 × 10^–5
MDS-UPDRS part III	–	7.2 ± 6.0	39.3 ± 18.2	6.67 × 10^–11
Hoehn & Yahr stage	–	–	2.3 ± 0.7	–
Digit span test	− 0.48 ± 0.68	0.11 ± 0.90	− 0.29 ± 1.41	0.14
TMT-A	− 0.097 ± 0.39	− 0.32 ± 1.01	− 1.22 ± 1.99	0.29
CWST	− 0.21 ± 0.90	− 0.77 ± 1.22	− 1.45 ± 1.29	0.092
BNT	0.67 ± 0.45	− 0.16 ± 1.17	− 1.60 ± 0.89	1.50 × 10^–6c
RCFT	− 0.98 ± 1.16	− 1.44 ± 1.52	− 2.49 ± 1.47	0.016^d
SVLTi	0.43 ± 1.02	− 0.31 ± 0.97	− 1.25 ± 0.86	2.00 × 10^–4e
SVLTd	0.37 ± 0.93	− 0.62 ± 1.12	− 1.33 ± 1.16	8.33 × 10^–4f
SVLTr	0.77 ± 0.68	− 0.21 ± 1.14	− 1.25 ± 1.24	6.93 × 10^–5g
COWAT	− 0.083 ± 0.81	− 0.56 ± 1.01	− 1.07 ± 1.65	0.064
TMT-B	0.54 ± 0.20	− 1.49 ± 2.47	− 4.00 ± 2.66	3.12 × 10^–4h

All scores are shown as the mean ± SD. Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test was used to compare MDS-UPDRS part I, II and III between iRBD and DLB. Kruskal–Wallis test and chi-square test were used to compare age and sex distribution and clinical profiles between healthy controls, iRBD, and DLB. Post-hoc Dunn’s test was used to compare group differences as follows
^aDLB vs healthy controls (P = 3.70 × 10^–5), DLB vs iRBD (P = 0.0024)
^bDLB vs healthy controls (P = 2.00 × 10^–8), DLB vs iRBD (P = 1.84 × 10^–7)
^cDLB vs healthy controls (P = 6.29 × 10^–6), DLB vs iRBD (P = 9.55 × 10^–5)
^dDLB vs healthy controls (P = 0.039), DLB vs iRBD (P = 0.032)
^eDLB vs healthy controls (P = 3.37 × 10^–4) and DLB vs iRBD (P = 0.0046)
^fDLB vs healthy controls (P = 6.56 × 10^–4) and DLB vs iRBD (P = 0.038)
^gDLB vs healthy controls (P = 6.03 × 10^–5), DLB vs iRBD (P = 0.0092) and healthy control vs iRBD (P = 0.033)
^hDLB vs healthy controls (P = 2.34 × 10^–4) and healthy control vs iRBD (P = 0.011)
RBD rapid-eye-movement sleep behavior disorder, DLB dementia with Lewy bodies, MMSE Mini-mental status exam, B-SIT Brief smell identification test, MDS-UPDRS Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale, BNT Boston Naming Test, COWAT Controlled Oral Word Association Test, CWST Korean Color Word Stroop Test, RCFT Rey Complex Figure Test copy, SVLT Seoul Verbal Learning Test, TMT Trail Making Test

ISSN: 2047-9158