Fig. 3
From: Redox dysregulation as a driver for DNA damage and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases
Types of oxidative DNA damage. Several types of stressors can lead to oxidative DNA damage. Replication stress is the major source of base mismatches in DNA, whereas free radicals primarily induce single-strand breaks (SSBs), and double-strand breaks (DSBs) to a lesser extent. Ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutics can induce both SSBs and DSBs, as well as interstrand crosslinks. DNA damage induced by UV radiation results in bulky DNA adducts