Fig. 1
From: Redox dysregulation as a driver for DNA damage and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases
Lewis structures of free radicals. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules with an uneven number of electrons that have the potential to harm cells. ROS, including ·OH, O2·−, 1O2, ·HO2 and H2O2, are types of free radicals containing oxygen. RNS are highly active molecules derived from nitric oxide-derived compounds including ·NO, ONOO−, and ·NO2. RSS are a family of sulphur-based chemical compounds that include H2S and S2O32− that can oxidize and inhibit thiol-proteins and enzymes