Table 1 The nature and structure of polyubiquitinated and mono-ubiquitinated proteins
Comparison list | Mono-ubiquitinated proteins | Polyubiquitinated proteins |
|---|---|---|
Formation | Ubiquitin (Ub) forms a thioester to interact with E1; Ub is transferred from E1 to E2; E3 interacts with Ub-charged E2, resulting in an isopeptide bond between Ub and lysine | Ub forms a thioester to interact with E1; Ub is transferred from E1 to E2; E3 interacts with E2, which enables the conjugation between lysines and Ub chain, leading to further cycles of ubiquitination |
Protein structure | Less structural disorder | More structural disorder |
Ub-site structure in yeasts | More structure disorder | Less structure disorder |
Ub-site structure in humans | Less structure disorder | More structure disorder |