From: Extracellular vesicles, from the pathogenesis to the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases
Cell/tissue origin | Disease | Surface modification | Loaded cargos | Therapeutic Targets | Administration mode | Models | Outcomes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dendritic cell | PD | RVG | α-syn-siRNA | α-syn | Intravenous injection | α-Syn Tg mice | Reduce intraneuronal α-syn aggregates | [247] |
Dendritic cell | PD | RVG | α-syn-shRNA | α-syn | Intravenous injection | Syn PFFs-injected mice | Reduce α-syn aggregation, decrease neuronal death, alleviate PD symptoms | [249] |
U87 cell | HD | – | Htt siRNA | Htt | Infusion into the striatum for 7 days | Wild type mice | Reduce Htt expression | [248] |
MSC | AD | RVG | miR-146a | NF-κB pathways | Intracerebroventricular injection for 2 times | APP/PS1 mice | Inhibit pro-inflammatory responses of astrocytes and microglia | [167] |
MSC & 293T cell | AD | – | miR-29b | BACE1, BIM | Bilateral injection into hippocampal CA1 region | Aβ-treated model rats | Enhance spatial learning and memory | [251] |
MSC | AD | – | miR-22 | GSDMD | Intravenous injection every 7 days | APP/PS1 mice | Enhance behavioral performance, repress neuroinflammation | [252] |
MSC | PD | – | miR-188-3p | CDK5, NLRP3 | Intravenous injection for 5 days | MPTP-induced PD mice | Suppress autophagy and pyroptosis | [253] |
293T cell | PD | – | Catalase mRNA | ROS | Implantation of EV producers into the brains | 6-OHDA-injected mice | Protect neurons against neurotoxicity, inhibit neuroinflammation | [246] |
Macrophage | PD | – | Redox catalase | ROS | Intranasal injection for 10 times every other day | 6-OHDA-injected mice | Eliminate ROS and display neuroprotective effects | [254] |
Macrophage | AD | Mannose | Gemfibrozil | Aβ | Intraperitoneal injection for 7 consecutive days | Aβ-injected mice | Promote Aβ clearance by microglia, improve learning and memory ability | [267] |
Blood | PD | – | Dopamine | Dopamine receptors | Intravenous injection | 6-OHDA-injected mice | Improve dopaminergic neurons, ameliorate PD phenotype | [255] |
NSC | MS | PDGFA | Montelukast | GPR17 | Intranasal injection every day for 2 weeks | Cuprizone-treated mice | Promote myelin regeneration | [257] |
NSC | MS | – | Bryostatin-1 | GPR17 | Intravenous injection | Cuprizone-treated mice | Promote myelin regeneration | [256] |