From: Extracellular vesicles, from the pathogenesis to the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases
Cell origin | Disease | Therapeutic cargos | Targets | Administration mode | Models | Outcomes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MSC | AD | miR-29 | HDAC4 | Weekly intravenous injection for 4 weeks | hAPP-J20 mice | Improve cognitive function, decrease Aβ levels, inhibit astrocyte activation. | [208] |
MSC | AD | NEP | Aβ | Co-culture | N2a cells | Promote Aβ degradation | [209] |
MSC | AD | miR-223 | PTEN | Co-culture | Aβ-treated SH-SY5Y cells | Inhibit neuronal cell apoptosis, enhance cell migration | [213] |
MSC | AD | – | – | Co-culture | TG2576 mouse-derived neurons | Reduces Aβ levels, attenuates apoptosis, increases neurite outgrowth | [214] |
MSC | AD | – | – | Intracerebroventricle injection once per 2 days for 2 weeks | APP/PS1 mice | Mitigate neuroinflammation and neural impairment | [221] |
MSC | PD | – | – | SNpc and striatum injection | 6-OHDA-injected rats | Attenuate fine motor deficits, protects against TH damage | |
MSC | PD | – | – | Diluted in inactivated OP50 | Two C. elegans models | Reduce α-syn levels | [211] |
MSC | PD | – | – | Intravenous injection every 3 days for 8 weeks | 6-OHDA-injected rats | Improve the behavioral deficits, reduce dopaminergic neuron loss | [215] |
MSC | PD | – | SMAD3, p38 MAPK | Subcutaneous injection into the right forelimb | MPTP-injected mice | Promote angiogenesis | [217] |
MSC | PD | – | – | Co-culture | 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells | Protect neuronal cells from oxidative damage | [223] |
MSC | ALS | – | – | Co-culture | Mutant SOD1-NSC-34 cells | Promote cell survival, inhibit apoptotic genes | [219] |
MSC | ALS | – | – | Intravenous and intranasal injection | SOD1(G93A) mice | Improve motor performance, inhibit neurodegeneration | [220] |
MSC | ALS | – | – | Co-culture | Mutant SOD1-overexpressing NSC-34 cells | Protect NSC-34 cells from oxidative damage and apoptosis | [224] |
NSC | AD | – | – | Single retro-orbital vein injection | 5×FAD mice | Reduce Aβ deposition, rescue the cognitive defects | [228] |
NSC | AD | – | – | Bilateral injection into the lateral ventricles | APP/PS1 mice | Rescue the cognitive defects | [229] |
NSC | PD | – | – | Injection into the SN region | 6-OHDA-induced mice | Reduce ROS levels and 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss | [230] |
NBC | AD | GSLs | Aβ | Brain infusion for 2 weeks | APPSweInd mice | Decrease Aβ pathologies | [239] |
SHED | PD | – | – | Co-culture | 6-OHDA-treated neuron | Suppress 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis | [238] |