Fig. 4

Cytoskeletal (neurofilament heavy-chain; anti-NfH; red, fluorochrome 594) and myelin (anti-PLP; yellow, flourochrome 647) degenerative changes in PD, PDD and DLB donors. In PD_3, myelin blister and detachment from axon (a), LN with α-synuclein deposits (green) in myelinated fiber, showing areas of demyelination in the dysgranular insula (b), and in the agranular insula a LB (green) surrounded by NfH donut are seen (c). NfH fragmentation (d, e) surrounded by myelin and α-synuclein debris (green) as well as NfH debris and swelling (f) were visible in the dysgranular insula in PDD_4. In DLB_2 agranular insula, a large NfH swelling was visible surrounded by α-synuclein deposits (g); and NfH donut (h), NfH fragmentation, swelling (*) and debris surrounded by α-synuclein aggregates (> , i), and focal axonal thickening with myelin blister (j) were seen. In DLB_1 myelin swelling was seen with cross-section through the swelling showing multiple vacuoles (k). A long LN showing α-synuclein was also present in DLB_2 (l). Magnification 1000 × , scale bars: 10 μm. DLB: dementia with Lewy bodies; LB: Lewy body; LN: Lewy neurite; NfH: neurofilament heavy-chain; PD: Parkinson’s disease; PDD: Parkinson’s disease with dementia; PLP: proteolipid protein in myelin