Table 1 Summary of levels of major lipid classes in blood samples of human ALS patients from metabolomic and lipidomic studies
From: Deciphering lipid dysregulation in ALS: from mechanisms to translational medicine
Tissue source | Blood | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
References | Lawton et al. [34] | Goutman et al. [60] | Sol et al. [61] | FernÁndez-Eulate et al. [63] | Area-Gomez et al. [62] |
Number of ALS patients | 172 | 125 | 23 | 20 | 40 |
Tissue details | Plasma | Plasma | Plasma | Fasting serum | Fasting serum |
Experiment | Metabolomics | Metabolomics | Lipidomics | Lipidomics | Lipidomics |
Species detected | 367 | 1051 | 1018 | 416 | ~ 500 |
Differential species | 32 | 303 | 122 | 28 | 23 |
Sphingolipids | |||||
Sphingomyelins | Higher | Higher | Higher | Higher | Mixed |
Ceramides | n.d. | Higher | Mixed | Higher | Higher |
Glucosylceramides | n.d. | Higher | n.a. | n.d. | n.s. |
Galactosylceramides | n.d. | n.d. | Lower | n.d. | n.s. |
Lactosylceramides | n.d. | Higher | Higher | n.d. | Higher |
Globosides | n.d. | n.d. | n.a. | n.d. | n.s. |
Gangliosides | n.d. | n.d. | n.a. | n.d. | Higher |
Glycerolipids | |||||
Diglycerides | n.d. | Higher | Mixed | n.s. | Higher |
Triglycerides | n.d. | n.s. | Higher | Higher | Higher |
Glycerophospholipids | |||||
Phosphatidylcholine | n.s. | Mixed | Higher | Mixed | Lower |
Phosphatidylethanolamine | Higher | n.s. | Higher | n.s. | Mixed |
Phosphatidylinositol | Higher | n.s. | Higher | n.s. | n.s. |
Phosphatidylserine | n.d. | n.s. | n.a. | n.d. | Lower |
Phosphatidylglycerol | n.d. | n.s. | Mixed | n.d. | n.s. |
Lysophospholipids | Higher | Higher | Higher | Higher | Lower |
Fatty acids | |||||
Saturated fatty acids | Higher | Higher | n.a. | n.s. | n.s. |
Monounsaturated FA | Higher | Higher | Higher | Mixed | Higher |
Polyunsaturated FA | Higher | Higher | Higher | Lower | Higher |
Arachidonate (20:4) | Higher | Higher | n.a. | n.s. | n.a. |
Sterols | |||||
Cholesterol esters | n.d. | n.d. | n.a. | n.s. | Higher |
Cholesterol | Higher | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | Higher |