Tauroursodeoxycholic acid: a potential therapeutic tool in neurodegenerative diseases

Table 1 Registered clinical trials on hydrophilic bile acids in different neurodegenerative diseases

Intervention(s)	Condition	Dose	Duration	Phase	Study design	Status	References
UDCA	ALS	15, 30, or 50 mg/kg per day	1 month	I	Open label	Published	[10]
UDCA versus Placebo	ALS	3.5 g/140 ml per day	3 months	III	Randomized, Double blind, Crossover	Published	[88]
TUDCA versus Placebo	ALS	2 g/day	13.5 months	II	Randomized, Double blind, Parallel arm	Published	[89]
TUDCA + NaPB versus Placebo	ALS	2 g/day TUDCA + 6 g/day NaPB	4 months	II	Randomized, Double blind, Parallel arm	Published	[90]
UDCA versus Placebo	HD	600 or 1200 mg/day	1 month	I	Randomized, Double blind, Parallel arm	Unknown	NCT00514774
TUDCA versus Placebo	ALS	2 g/day	18 months	III	Randomized, Double blind, Parallel arm	Recruiting	NCT03800524
TUDCA + NaPB	ALS	2 g/day TUDCA + 6 g/day NaPB	up to 30 months	N/A	Open label	Enrolling by invitation	NCT03488524
TUDCA versus Placebo	MS	2 g/day	4 months	I/II	Randomized, Double blind, Parallel arm	Recruiting	NCT03423121
TUDCA + NaPB versus Placebo	AD	2 g/day TUDCA + 6 g/day NaPB	6 months	II	Randomized, Double blind, Parallel arm	Active, not recruiting	NCT03533257
UDCA	PD	50 mg/kg per day	1.5 months	I	Open label	Not yet recruiting	NCT02967250
UDCA versus Placebo	PD	30 mg/kg per day	12 months	II	Randomized, Double blind, Parallel arm	Active, not recruiting	NCT03840005
TUDCA + NaPB	ALS	2 g/day TUDCA + 6 g/day NaPB	6 months	II	Open label	Enrolling by invitation	NCT04516096
TUDCA + NaPB versus Placebo	ALS	2 g/day TUDCA + 6 g/day NaPB	12 months	III	Randomized, Double blind, Parallel arm	Not yet recruiting	NCT05021536

AD Alzheimer's disease, ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, HD Huntington's disease, N/A not applicable, MS multiple sclerosis, NaPB sodium phenylbutyrate, PD Parkinson's disease, TUDCA tauroursodeoxycholic acid, UDCA ursodeoxycholic acid

ISSN: 2047-9158