Fig. 4

Double Aβ immunofluorescence analysis combined with Thioflavin staining. Detection of Aβ4-x epitopes in combination with either Aβx-40 or Aβx-42 was performed together with Thioflavin staining to highlight the presence of the respective Aβ peptides in the amyloid and pre-amyloid lesions, illustrated from Case 1. Both Aβx-40 and Aβ4-x proteoforms were present in CAA and parenchymal plaques (a–h). Higher-magnification images illustrate the co-localization of both peptide species in blood vessels and in cored plaques (e–h). A similar pattern is observed for Aβ4-x and Aβx-42 staining at lower and higher magnifications (i–p). Scale bars, 50 µm in (a–d) and (i–l), 20 µm in (e–h) and (m–p)