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Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics, CSF and plasma biomarker concentrations in CN, FTD and AD groups

From: Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light chain for the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of frontotemporal dementia

 

CN

FTD

AD

bvFTD

nfvPPA

svPPA

PSP-CBD

All FTD

n

83

33

14

7

18

72

56

Age, years

58 (8.5)b,c

68.3 (10.6)a

72.8 (5.6)a

73.1 (11.1)a

72.9 (5.4)a

70.8 (8.9)a

70.8 (7.2)a

Sex

       

 Female

49

10

9

4

11

34

31

 Male

34

23

5

3

7

38

25

APOE ε4 status

       

 ε4+

23c

3c

3c

2c

2c

10c

27a,b,d−g

 ε4−

57c

29c

11c

5c

14c

59c

27a,b,d−g

Follow up time, years

3.9 (1.7)

4.1 (2.5)

3.1 (2.3)

4.8 (1.7)

1.9 (1)

3.4 (2.3)

4 (2)

Education, years

15.4 (4.1)b−g

12.9 (5.6)a

13.3 (4.9)a

14.8 (5.2)a

11.3 (3.7)a

12.7 (5)a

10.4 (4.7)a

Baseline MMSE score

29.2 (1)b−g

25.1 (4.2)a,f

24.1 (6.8)a,f

16.5 (12.2)a,c−e,g

22.6 (6.3)a,f

23.5 (6.5)a

23.7 (3.8)a

Last MMSE score

29.3 (1)b−g

16.6 (10)a,f

14 (12.2)a,f

0.4 (0.9)a,c−e,g

11.6 (12.4)a

13.3 (11.4)a

15.5 (9.5)a

pGFAP, pg/ml

134.3 (45.4)b−d,f−g

193.1 (100.1)a

224.6 (77.2)

159.3 (279.1)a

271.2 (148.2)a

234.9 (141.9)a,b

319.8 (135.1)a,c

pNfL, pg/ml

18 (20.2)b−e,g

41.9 (60.1)a

34.9 (17.2)a

31.3 (14.5)

34.3 (18.1)a

37.6 (42.3)a

26.5 (13.3)a

CSF NfL, pg/ml

494.8 (274.3)b,c,f,g

1436.3 (930.6)a

1944.5 (1146.7)

2394.6 (637.8)a

1739.3 (1607.3)a

1654.1 (1187.6)a,c

1286.4 (1136.9)a,b,f

CSF YKL-40, ng/ml

190.3 (49.4)b,c

265.8 (64.7)a

274.84 (61)a

311.8 (37.1)a

262.3 (79.3)

268.2 (63.7)a

287.3 (68.1)a

CSF Aβ42/Aβ40

0.099 (0.016)c

0.098 (0.015)c

0.092 (0.012)c

0.103 (0.0002)c

0.095 (0.012)c

0.097 (0.013)c

0.046 (0.0099)a,b,d−g

CSF tTau, pg/ml

264 (103.9)c

388.9 (182.3)c

275.4 (144.5)c

367.5 (0.7)

276.1 (122.7)c

332.7 (162)c

774.2 (390.8)a,b,d,f,g

CSF pTau, pg/ml

39.8 (17.8)c

45.7 (16.1)c

42.8 (21.9)c

47.2 (10)

33.9 (15)c

42.1 (16.4)c

121.2 (71)a,b,d,f,g

  1. MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; pGFAP, plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein; pNfL, plasma neurofilament light chain; CN, cognitivelly normal participants; FTD, Frontotemporal dementia; AD, Alzheimer disease; bvFTD, behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia; nfvPPA, nonfluent variant of primary progressive aphasia; svPPA, semantic variante of primary progressive aphasia; PSP-CBD, progressive supranuclear palsy-corticobasal syndrome spectrum
  2. aDifferent from Control (P < 0.05)
  3. bDifferent from FTD (P < 0.05)
  4. cDifferent from AD (P < 0.05)
  5. dDifferent from bvFTD (P < 0.05)
  6. eDifferent from fnvPPA (P < 0.05)
  7. fDifferent from svPPA (P < 0.05)
  8. gDifferent from PSP-CBD (P < 0.05). Data are shown as mean (standard deviation)