Fig. 4

Relationship between the baseline tertile of pGFAP and longitudinal changes of cognitive score (MMSE score) in FTD (a) and AD (b). Cognitive changes were estimated through linear mixed effects regression models adjusted for age and baseline MMSE score. Red lines show the lowest tertile (below 154 pg/ml in FTD and below 228 pg/ml in AD), green lines show the medium tertile (154–240 pg/ml in FTD and 226–366 pg/ml in AD), and blue lines show the highest tertile of pGFAP level (above 240 pg/ml in FTD and above 366 pg/ml in AD). Shaded areas indicate the 95% confidence interval for predicted cognitive scores. pGFAP, plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein; pNfL, plasma neurofilament light; CN, cognitivelly normal participants; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; AD, Alzheimer’s disease