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Table 4 Neuropsychological test scores and neuropsychiatric symptom test scores

From: Extensive frontal focused ultrasound mediated blood–brain barrier opening for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: a proof-of-concept study

 

Case 1

Case 2

Case 3

Case 4

Case 5

Mean (SD)

P value

Visit 1

Visit 8

Visit 1

Visit 8

Visit 1

Visit 8

Visit 1

Visit 8

Visit 1

Visit 8

Visit 1

Visit 8

 

Neuropsychological test score

Digit span backward

 − 4.14

 − 4.14

0.53

0.53

 − 0.35

 − 1.23

 − 1.98

 − 0.60

 − 1.00

 − 0.88

 − 1.39 (1.79)

 − 1.26 (1.74)

0.59

K-BNT

 − 3.38

 − 3.84

 − 0.81

 − 0.68

 − 2.80

 − 2.59

 − 1.61

 − 0.81

 − 1.32

 − 1.94

 − 1.98 (1.07)

 − 1.97 (1.31)

0.89

RCFT copy

 − 7.20

 − 7.48

 − 1.88

 − 2.00

 − 9.14

 − 9.37

0.93

1.00

 − 1.23

 − 0.94

 − 3.70 (4.26)

 − 3.76 (4.44)

0.69

SVLT delayed recall

 − 2.97

 − 2.97

 − 2.30

 − 2.30

 − 3.40

 − 3.40

 − 1.42

 − 1.63

 − 2.74

 − 2.51

 − 2.57 (0.75)

 − 2.56 (0.67)

0.66

RCFT delayed recall

 − 2.34

 − 2.34

 − 2.07

 − 2.07

 − 3.08

 − 2.91

 − 1.23

 − 0.96

 − 2.54

 − 2.36

 − 2.25 (0.68)

 − 2.13 (0.72)

0.11

COWAT semantic

 − 2.99

 − 3.21

 − 0.17

 − 2.08

 − 2.56

 − 2.32

 − 1.91

 − 1.40

 − 2.08

 − 2.65

 − 1.94 (1.08)

 − 2.33 (0.67)

0.50

COWAT phonemic

 − 2.53

 − 2.53

 − 0.09

 − 0.82

 − 1.39

 − 1.06

 − 1.03

 − 0.15

 − 0.69

 − 2.09

 − 1.15 (0.91)

 − 1.33 (0.97)

0.72

Stroop color reading

 − 4.89

 − 4.77

 − 0.57

 − 1.58

 − 4.56

 − 4.43

 − 0.54

 − 0.42

 − 2.77

 − 3.75

 − 2.67 (2.09)

 − 2.99 (1.90)

0.68

CDR

2

2

1

1

1

1

0.5

0.5

0.5

1

1.0 (0.6)

1.1 (0.55)

0.32

CDR-SOB

10

10

5.5

5.5

9

9

3.5

3.5

3.5

6

6.3 (3.1)

6.8 (2.7)

0.32

K-IADL

1.67

1.78

1.4

1.3

1.8

1.8

0.5

0.5

0.7

1.33

1.21 (0.58)

1.34 (0.53)

0.29

 

Case 1

Case 2

Case 3

Case 4

Case 5

Mean (SD)

P value*

P value

K-MMSE

CGA-NPI

K-MMSE

CGA-NPI

K-MMSE

CGA-NPI

K-MMSE

CGA-NPI

K-MMSE

CGA-NPI

K-MMSE

CGA-NPI

K-MMSE

CGA-NPI

K-MMSE

CGA-NPI

K-MMSE and CGA-NPI score

Visit 1

9

9

22

16

16

11

21

2

19

2

17.4 (5.2)

8.0 (6.0)

    

Visit7 (post-FUS)

8

3

20

1

16

7

23

0

18

0

17.0 (5.7)

2.2 (3.0)

0 .58

0.042

  

Visit8 (3 months post-FUS )

10

7

18

0

19

14

23

9

13

5

16.6 (5.1)

5.2 (5.8)

  

0.69

0.89

  1. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to compare the difference between the neuropsychological test z scores, CDR, CDR-SOB, K-IADL, K-MMSE and CGA-NPI of Visit 1 and Visit 8. Also, we compared the K-MMSE and CGA-NPI scores of Visit 1 and Visit 7 with same test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Visit 1: baseline. Visit 7: 2 weeks post-FUS. Visit 8: 3 months post-FUS
  2. CDR clinical dementia rating scale, CDR-SOB CDR sum of boxes, CGA-NPI caregiver-administrated neuropsychiatric inventory, COWAT controlled oral word association test, K-BNT Korean version of the Boston naming test, K-IADL Korean instrumental activities of daily living, Rey-Osterrieth complex figure Test, K-MMSE Korean version of mini-mental state examination, SD standard deviation, SVLT Seoul verbal learning test
  3. *P value: Comparison between Visit 1 and Visit 7
  4. P value: Comparison between Visit 1 and Visit 8