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Fig. 2 | Translational Neurodegeneration

Fig. 2

From: Roles of physical exercise in neurodegeneration: reversal of epigenetic clock

Fig. 2

Exercise alters the state of DNAm. (a) Physical exercise changes the state of DNAm including hypermethylation, hypomethylation and demethylation to influence the expression of genes. (b, c) DNAm refers to the covalent bonding between a methyl group from S adenosyl methionine (SAM) and the carbon-5 position of cytosine in the genome CpG dinucleotide (catalyzed by DNMTs). 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) is an intermediate during active DNA demethylation. The conversion of 5-mC to 5-hmC is mediated by TETs. DNAm generally leads to gene silencing, but the phenomenon is reversed in a demethylated state

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