Fig. 1

Quality control of EVs and differential expression analysis of miRNAs. a Verification of the extracted EVs by related biomarkers. EVs were extracted from serum samples of the participants according to the ultracentrifugation method, with HEK293 cells used as a control. Equal amounts of proteins were loaded for Western Blot with the indicated antibodies. b Verification of the extracted EVs by morphology and size. EVs were extracted according to ultracentrifugation method and the remaining 50 μl of liquid in the last step was observed by transmission electron microscopy. c Gaussian kernel density distribution diagram of 1486 miRNA expression in 103 samples. The ordinate represents the distribution density, the abscissas represents the logCPM value of miRNA expression in samples, and the curves with different colors represent different samples. d Venn diagram of differential expression analysis. edgeR and t-test methods were used to obtain the number of eligible miRNAs