Fig. 3

α-Synuclein and autophagy. a HEK293 cells were transfected with EGFP-tagged A53T-α-synuclein and manually classified due to the distribution of EGFP. a1 A representative example of homogenous distribution of EGFP, as the healthy phenotype. a2 A representative example of a cell containing an aggresome. Scale bars, 5 μm. b HEK293 cells were transfected with EGFP-tagged A53T-α-synuclein and the dominant negative version of autophagy-related protein 5 (Atg5). Significances from t-test; n = 3 independent experiments. c HEK293 cells were transfected with EGFP-tagged A53T-α-synuclein and cells were incubated with 0.2 μM Bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) for 4 h to block autophagy or with 5 μM proteasome inhibitor MG132 for 4 h. Starvation was induced by complete medium exchange for Hank’s balanced salts (HBSS) for 4 h. One-way ANOVA was significant, results from post-hoc test are indicated (n = 3 independent experiments). Graphs represent mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Original data