Skip to main content

Table 4 Comparison of clinical features in carriers and non-carriers of different GCH1 variants in the WGS cohort

From: GCH1 variants contribute to the risk and earlier age-at-onset of Parkinson’s disease: a two-cohort case-control study

Clinical features

Deleterious variants

rs12323905

Carriers

Non − carriers

β / OR

P value

Carriers

Non − carriers

β / OR

P value

Age at onset (years) a

58.90 ± 3.70

61.90 ± 6.94

−4.24

0.048

61.81 ± 6.94

61.89 ± 6.79

0.07

0.76

Age at assessment (years) a

61.25 ± 3.90

66.85 ± 7.07

−4.24

0.048

66.77 ± 7.10

66.66 ± 6.87

0.07

0.76

Disease duration (years) b

2.35 ± 1.42

4.92 ± 3.60

−1.76

0.11

4.93 ± 3.70

4.73 ± 3.32

0.14

0.25

UPDRS−Part I

3.00 ± 2.05

2.60 ± 2.08

0.61

0.35

2.58 ± 2.07

2.57 ± 1.95

0.02

0.72

UPDRS−Part II

12.30 ± 6.98

12.34 ± 6.37

2.13

0.25

12.23 ± 6.35

12.27 ± 6.24

−0.05

0.80

UPDRS−Part III

26.4 ± 19.07

27.76 ± 14.04

2.08

0.62

27.53 ± 14.04

27.90 ± 13.77

0.02

0.96

Tremor score

2.90 ± 2.51

3.45 ± 3.43

−0.13

0.90

3.40 ± 3.37

3.59 ± 3.44

−0.08

0.47

Stiffness score

5.80 ± 5.05

5.57 ± 4.12

0.53

0.68

5.48 ± 4.13

5.70 ± 4.06

−0.02

0.87

Bradykinesia score

10.00 ± 7.38

10.22 ± 6.11

0.92

0.63

10.12 ± 6.09

10.33 ± 5.95

0.03

0.88

Postural instability score

4.40 ± 3.75

4.51 ± 2.93

1.03

0.22

4.54 ± 2.94

4.31 ± 2.88

0.10

0.25

Hoeh and Yahr stage

2.00 ± 0.82

2.03 ± 0.74

0.24

0.27

2.03 ± 0.74

2.01 ± 0.75

0.02

0.46

Dyskinesia

0.00%

10.00%

–

–

9.01%

9.05%

0.96

0.77

Freezing gait

10.00%

23.74%

0.58

0.61

21.92%

20.21%

1.02

0.84

Motor subtype

 Tremor-dominant

10.00%

21.77%

–

–

21.18%

22.67%

–

–

 Intermediate

30.00%

15.97%

4.16

0.22

15.59%

19.33%

0.89

0.32

 PIGD−dominant

60.00%

62.27%

2.76

0.35

63.23%

58.00%

1.05

0.61

MMSE

26.80 ± 3.52

25.56 ± 4.40

0.29

0.83

25.54 ± 4.37

25.77 ± 4.22

−0.11

0.44

PDSS

107.8 ± 21.35

112.40 ± 29.21

−10.02

0.27

113.3 ± 28.36

110.70 ± 30.45

1.58

0.10

RBDQ−HK

9.60 ± 11.76

16.07 ± 17.31

−3.69

0.50

15.94 ± 17.13

16.69 ± 18.17

−0.52

0.38

ESS

7.90 ± 4.75

8.42 ± 6.50

0.08

0.97

8.33 ± 6.49

8.43 ± 6.50

−0.03

0.90

HAMD

8.40 ± 5.97

6.03 ± 5.47

0.51

0.80

6.04 ± 5.54

6.11 ± 5.20

−0.04

0.84

HRS

19.60 ± 4.77

18.71 ± 6.93

13.27

0.08

18.62 ± 7.01

19.02 ± 6.717

−0.32

0.17

PFS

51.33 ± 18.53

46.46 ± 19.13

8.42

0.28

45.89 ± 19.14

47.89 ± 19.32

−1.72

0.03

SCOPA−AUT

13.43 ± 8.46

9.44 ± 7.22

6.11

0.02

9.54 ± 7.39

8.97 ± 6.71

0.20

0.46

  1. Results are from linear or logistic regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and ancestry
  2. UPDRS Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale, MMSE Mini-mental state examination, PDSS Parkinson’s disease sleep scale, RBDQ-HK Rapid eyes movement sleep behavior disorder questionnaire-Hong Kong, ESS Epworth sleepiness scale, HAMD 17-item Hamilton depression rating Scale, HRS Hyposmia rating Scale, SCOPA-AUT Scales for outcomes in Parkinson’s disease-autonomic, PDQ39 The 39-item Parkinson’s disease Questionnaire, PFS Parkinson’s disease fatigue scale
  3. aAdjusted for sex and disease duration at entry
  4. bAdjusted for sex and age at entry
Back to article page

Translational Neurodegeneration

ISSN: 2047-9158

Contact us