Increased prediction value of biomarker combinations for the conversion of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s dementia

Table 1 Demographic features of the participants in baseline

Demographics	HC (n = 80)	MCI (n = 87)	AD dementia (n = 88)	p value
Age(y)	67.3 (4.7)	66.2 (4.3)	67.7 (4.2)	0.785
Sex
Female	44 (55%)	47 (54%)	50 (47%)	0.931
Male	36 (45%)	40 (46%)	38 (53%)	0.931
Education duration(y)	10.8 (2.9)	10.5 (2.6)	10.4 (2.5)	0.196
ApoE ε4 carrier
(+)	8 (10%)	15 (17%)	34 (39%)	0.000^b,c
(−)	73 (90%)	72 (83%)	54 (61%)	0.000^b,c
Mean ChEI dose (mg)	/	/	5.2 (2.3)	/
MMSE	29.3 (0.7)	25.7 (1.4)	17.0 (2.1)	0.000^a,b,c
MoCA	26.4 (1.3)	21.6 (1.8)	11.2 (2.5)	0.000^a,b,c
SAS	27.4 (3.7)	27.6 (4.5)	27.5 (4.6)	0.986
SDS	29.4 (6.4)	29.1 (6.7)	29.6 (6.5)	0.915
ADAS-cog	7.4 (3.8)	11.8 (4.4)	21.4 (5.2)	0.000^a,b,c
AVLT-SR	7.6 (1.3)	5.2 (2.1)	2.3 (1.2)	0.000^a,b,c
AVLT-LR	7.3 (1.4)	4.8 (1.6)	1.7 (1.1)	0.000^a,b,c
SS-16	11.2 (1.9)	9.1 (2.7)	5.9 (2.7)	0.000^a,b,c

“a” means HC group and MCI group are significantly different
“b” means HC group and AD dementia group are significantly different
“c” means MCI group and AD dementia group are significantly different
Abbreviations: MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, SAS Zung Self-rating the Anxiety Scale, SDS Zung Self-rating Depression Scale, ADAS-cog Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale, AVLT Auditory Verbal Learning test, SS-16 the 16-item odor identification test from Sniffin Sticks, HC healthy control, MCI mild cognitive impairment, AD Alzheimer’s disease, ChEI Cholinesterase inhibitor

ISSN: 2047-9158