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Fig. 2 | Translational Neurodegeneration

Fig. 2

From: A different vision of translational research in biomarker discovery: a pilot study on circulatory mitochondrial proteins as Parkinson’s disease potential biomarkers

Fig. 2

Secretome analysis and identification of mitochondrial-related proteins as potential oxidative stress markers. a Schematic representation of the workflow used to identify potential oxidative stress biomarkers from the differential proteomic analysis of the secretome. The selection of candidates was performed by the combined use of statistical analysis and informed selection of groups of proteins based on biological relevance. b Volcano plot representing the differential proteome analysis of the secretome between Ctrl and Stress conditions. From the 750 secreted proteins analyzed, a total of 146 proteins were significantly decreased in the oxidative stress condition (blue shadow), and 110 proteins were significantly increased (red shadow). Protein ratios of four replicates were used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was considered for p-values below 0.05 (blue dots) using a One-sample Student’s t-test against a theoretical value of one. c Principal component analysis (PCA) using the replicate values of the 146 and 110 proteins significantly decreased and increased in the oxidative stress condition, respectively (b). X and Y axis show principal component 1 (PC1) and principal component 2 (PC2) using the Pareto scaling, respectively. The contribution of each component for explaining the total variance is indicated on top of the graphic, suggesting a separation of the conditions across the PC1. The insert plot illustrates the loading distribution. d PCA analysis using only the replicate values of 23 mitochondrial-related proteins significantly altered in the oxidative stress condition. The contribution of each principal component for explaining the total variance is indicated on top of the graphic, indicating an improvement in the separation of the experimental conditions in comparison with the use of all the altered proteins (c). e Graphical representation of the secreted levels of the altered mitochondrial-related proteins. Data correspond to the mean ratio ± SEM of four independent experiments

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