Fig. 2
From: DNA repair deficiency in neuropathogenesis: when all roads lead to mitochondria
Basic stages of Single-Strand Break Repair: 1. Detection of the break, 2. DNA end processing, 3. DNA gap filling and DNA ligation, 4. Repaired strand. Direct breaks are detected by PARP1, which promotes the accumulation of different repair factors. Damaged termini are repaired by APE1, DNA polymerase (Pol β), PNKP and APTX. Ligase (LIG III) is needed to repair short-patch sites through a phosphodiester bond