Cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated tau, visinin-like protein-1, and chitinase-3-like protein 1 in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease

Table 1 Demographics of subjects

Characteristics	CN (n = 32)	sMCI (n = 24)	pMCI (n = 47)	AD (n = 18)
Age, years [mean (SE)]	76.0 (1.0)	76.7 (1.1)	73.1 (1.0)	74.3 (1.6)
Gender, male [n (%)]	19 (59.4%)	17 (70.8%)^d	33 (70.2%)^d	7 (38.9%)
Education, years [mean (SE)]	16.1 (0.6)	16.6(0.5)	15.9 (0.4)	15.2 (0.7)
APOE ε4+ [n (%)]	5 (15.6%)^{c, d}	8 (33.3%)^{c, d}	28 (59.6%)^{a, b}	13 (72.2%)^{a, b}
MMSE at baseline, [mean (SE)]	29.2 (0.2)^{b, c, d}	27.2 (0.3)^{a, d}	26.6 (0.2)^{a, d}	24.2 (0.5)^{a, b, c}
MMSE at 24 m, [mean (SE)]	29.3 (0.2) ^{b, c, d}	26.7 (0.5)^{a, c, d}	24.3 (0.5)^{a, b, d}	18.1 (1.6)^{a, b, c}
Follow-up, years, [mean (SE)]	7.0 (0.4)^{b, c, d}	4.7 (0.5)^{a, d}	5.7 (0.4)^{a, d}	2.6 (0.2)^{a, b, c}

P values indicate the values assessed with analyses of variance for each variable except gender and APOE ε4, where a contingency chi-square was performed. Post hoc analysis provided significant differences between groups: ^afrom CN; ^bfrom sMCI; ^cfrom pMCI; ^dfrom AD
Abbreviations: SE Standard error, APOE apolipoprotein E, MMSE Mini-mental State Examination, CN cognitively normal, sMCI stable mild cognitive impairment, pMCI progressive mild cognitive impairment, AD Alzheimer’s disease

ISSN: 2047-9158