Objective assessment of bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease using evolutionary algorithms: clinical validation

Gao, Chao; Smith, Stephen; Lones, Michael; Jamieson, Stuart; Alty, Jane; Cosgrove, Jeremy; Zhang, Pingchen; Liu, Jin; Chen, Yimeng; Du, Juanjuan; Cui, Shishuang; Zhou, Haiyan; Chen, Shengdi

doi:10.1186/s40035-018-0124-x

Translational Neurodegeneration

Table 1 Demographic and clinical data of the study participants

From: Objective assessment of bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease using evolutionary algorithms: clinical validation

	PD	NC	ET	P value
Overall subjects
Number	N = 107	N = 49	N = 41
Gender[male/female]	48/59	18/31	18/23	0.625
Age[years]	62.1 ± 0.8	61.9 ± 1.2	60.0 ± 1.9	0.515
Disease duration[years]	5.0 ± 0.4	NA	9.8 ± 1.3	0.003^**
LEDD (mg)	311.2	NA	NA
Subjects with right affected side
Number	N = 74	N = 49
Gender[male/female]	33/41	18/31		0.386
Age[years]	62.4 ± 1.0	61.9 ± 1.2		0.662
Subjects with left affected side
Number	N = 75	N = 49
Gender[male/female]	32/43	18/31		0.510
Age[years]	62.8 ± 1.0	61.9 ± 1.2		0.490
Subgroup of PD (FT = 1) vs.NC
Subjects with right affected side
Number	N = 19	N = 49
Gender[male/female]	7/12	18/31		0.993
Age[years]	61.9 ± 2.1	61.9 ± 1.2		0.995
Subjects with left affected side
Number	N = 30	N = 49
Gender[male/female]	13/17	18/31		0.560
Age[years]	62.3 ± 1.7	61.9 ± 1.2		0.705
Subgroup of PD (FT = 2) vs.NC
Subjects with right affected side
Number	N = 38	N = 49
Gender[male/female]	18/20	18/31		0.318
Age[years]	63.6 ± 1.3	61.9 ± 1.2		0.389
Subjects with left affected side
Number	N = 25	N = 49
Gender[male/female]	8/17	18/31		0.687
Age[years]	66.1 ± 1.5	61.9 ± 1.2		0.051
Subgroup of PD (FT = 3) vs.NC
Subjects with right affected side
Number	N = 17	N = 49
Gender[male/female]	8/9	18/31		0.453
Age[years]	60.5 ± 2.3	61.9 ± 1.2		0.809
Subjects with left affected side
Number	N = 20	N = 49
Gender[male/female]	11/9	18/31		0.163
Age[years]	59.4 ± 1.7	61.9 ± 1.2		0.334
Subgroup of PD (H-Y = 1) vs.NC
Subjects with right affected side
Number	N = 18	N = 49
Gender[male/female]	8/10	18/31		0.566
Age[years]	60.2 ± 2.0	61.9 ± 1.2		0.457
Subjects with left affected side
Number	N = 18	N = 49
Gender[male/female]	8/10	18/31		0.566
Age[years]	59.3 ± 1.9	61.9 ± 1.2		0.311

Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the continuous variables. The Chi-square test was used to compare the categorical variables. Data were expressed as numbers or as mean ± SE. ^** P < 0.01
PD Parkinson’s disease, ET essential tremor, NC normal controls, H-Y modified Hoehn and Yahr stage, LEDD levodopa equivalent daily dose, NA not available

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ISSN: 2047-9158

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