Author Country Year [PMID] | N Age PD characteristics setting | Outcome measures | Protocol | Results | |
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Pre to post exercise BDNF level mean±SD and BDNF Effect Size | Clinical measures score and UPDRS Effect Size | ||||
Sajatovic USA 2017 [28579759] | 28 Exp=69.8±9.3 yrs Con=70.3±6.5 H&Y ≤3 6.8±5.3 yrs since diagnosis OR | pBDNF MADRS MoCA UPDRS III SCOPA | Interval high-cadence cycling 3 sessions per week for 45-60 minutes each session for 12 weeks. High cadence interval stationary cycling (20 min) at 60-80% Hear Rate maximum. Resistance training 2-4 sets of 8-12 repetitions for each set. Self-management exercise 3 times per week (SGE) and psychoeducation (12 60 minute group sessions). | T0 (baseline) 26.8±15.6 pg/mL T1 (12 weeks, post test) 90±166.4 pg/mL T2 (24 weeks) 38.5±46.2 pg/mL 335.8% ↑ pBDNF level at T1 (12 weeks, post-test, p<0.001) | MADRS at T0 21.2±6.3 MADRS at T1 15.2±8.0 Δ28.3% ↓ MADRS MADRS at T2 14.2±8.5 Δ33.0% ↓ MADRS MoCA at T0 23.3±4.1 MoCA at T1 25.2±3.7 Δ7.5% ↑ MoCA MoCA at T2 25.2±5.1 Δ0% ↑ MoCA SCOPA-Sleep (night sleep) at T2 12.1±4.1 Δ14.0% ↑ SCOPA-Sleep (night sleep) MADRS, MoCA, an SCOPA-Sleep (night sleep) (all p<0.01). |
Frazzitta Italy 2014 [24213955] | 24 Exp=67±5 yrs pf age Con=65.4±4 yrs of age H&Y 1-1.5 8±3.5 yrs since diagnosis IR | sBDNF UPDRS III BBS 6MWT | Physical therapy 15 X 60 minute sessions per week/ 3 sessions per day Exercise on treadmill, 30 minutes per session, 5 days/week at ≤60% HRR and a maximum speed of 3.5 km/h for 4 weeks | T0 (admission) 21.64±3.4 ng/mL T1 (10 days) 25.04±7.3 ng/mL T2 (20 days) 25.79±7.9 ng/mL T3 (discharge) 24.77±6.4 ng/mL ES of ΔsBDNF=1.1 (p<0.0001) 12.6% ↑ sBDNF level at T3. | UPDRS III at T0 16.4±3.5 UPDRS III at T3 8.8±3.2 ES of ΔUPDRS III = -3.3 Δ46.3% ↓UPDRS III UPDRS II at T0 8.14±3.3 UPDRS II at T3 5.50±3.0 Δ32.4% ↓UPDRS II BBS at T0 48.64±6.1 BBS at T3 54.00±2.4 Δ9.9% ↑BBS 6MWT (m) at T0 383±94 6MWT at T3 477±79 Δ19.7% ↑6MWT distance ΔUPDRS II, BBS, and 6MWT (all p<0.01). No statistical association between BDNF levels and clinical measures. |
Marusiak Poland 2015 [25510618] | 11 71±10 yrs of age H & Y 1-3 8±4 yrs since diagnosis OR | sBDNF UPDRS III Myometry | Exercise using stationary bicycle, 3 x per wk, 60 minutes per session for 8 weeks | 34% ↑ sBDNF level at post-test (p<0.05). No sBDNF level change in healthy controls (p=0.809). Within Group Effect Size BDNF Serum Level: PD: BDNF T0-T1: 0,95 (CI -2,38-1,58) CONTROL: BDNF T0-T1: 0,10 (CI -1,22-2,33) | ↑ sBDNF level correlated with improvements in PD rigidity (p<0.05). Between Groups Effect Size: Not applicable because controls are healthy. |
Angelucci Italy 2016 [26863448] | 9 62.7±6.8 yrs of age 11.78±7.3 yrs since diagnosis IR | sBDNF UPDRS II UPDRS III 6MWT PDQ-39 | Physical therapy 3 session/day/5 days per week for 30 days Exercise on treadmill, 20 minutes per session, 5 days per week at 3.5-4 km/h at ≤60% HRR Exercise using stationary bicycle at 25-30 km/h Exercise using Wii system Fit Balance board | T0 (admission) 2171.03±1699.69 pg/mL T7 (7 days) 3396.78±1359.56 pg/mL T14 (14 days) 2670.01±1439.64 pg/mL T21 (21 days) 2387.38±1088.84 pg/mL T30 (30 days) 2339.31±1666.01 pg/mL 36.09% ↑ sBDNF level T7 (p<0.01). No statistically significant changes in sBDNF at 14d, 21d, 30d, 90d Within Group Effect Size BDNF Serum Level: BDNF T0-T7 = 0,84 (CI 0,04-1,96) BDNF T0-T14 = 0,34 (CI 0,60-1,45) BDNF T0-T21 = 0,16 (CI 0,55-1,27) BDNF T0-T30 = 0,11 (CI 0,98-1,28) BDNF T90 days data is missing. | UPDRS II T0 21.77±3.38 UPDRS II T30 7.55±3.12 Δ65.3% ↓UPDRS II UPDRS III T0 31.62±10.68 UPDRS III T30 14.44±8.07 Δ24.4% ↓UPDRS III UPDRS III G&B score T0 6.74±5.21 UPDRS III G&B score T30 2.33±1.32 Δ65.4% ↓UPDRS III G&B score 6MWT (m) T0 252.33±111.81 6MWT T30 374.22±124.62 Δ32.5% ↑6MWT distance PDQ-39 T0 61.0±23.5 PDQ-39 T30 45.44±21.01 Δ25.5% ↓PDQ-39 (all p<0.01 at T30). Within Group Effect Size UPDRS-IIl: UPDRS-III T0-T30 = -1,93 (CI -7,20 to -5,05) |
Fontanesi Italy & USA 2016 [26253177] | 16 71.5±6.8 yrs of age 8.43±4.08 yrs since diagnosis IR | BDNF-TrkB UPDRS 6MWT BBS TUG PDDS FOGQ | physical and occupational therapy, 3 session a day, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks Multimodal exercise (i.e., treadmill with visual and auditory cueing, stationary bicycle, eliptical machine, stabilometric platform). | T1 (30 days) 52.6% ±10.8% ↑ in sBDNF-tyrosine receptor kinase signaling (p<0.001). No data on BDNF concentration. | UPDRS total score at T0 (baseline) 43.31±11.99 UPDRS total score at T1 29.56±9.46 Δ31.7% ↓UPDRS total score UPDRS III at T0 19.31±4.71 UPDRS III at T1 13.06±3.28 Δ32.3% ↓UPDRS III 6MWT at T0 292.38±103.46 6MWT at T1 363.63±114.64 Δ20% ↑in 6MWT distance BBS at T0 44.74±7.21 BBS at T1 52.50±4.18 Δ14.7% ↑BBS score PDDS at T0 71.13±14.53 PDDS at T1 54.25±12.12 Δ23.7% ↓PDDS score FOGQ at T0 14.27±5.22 FOGQ at T1 9.73±4.03 Δ31.8% ↓FOGQ score (all p<0.01) Within Group Effect Size UPDRS-IIl: UPDRS-III T0-T30 = -0,63 (CI -5,72 to -2,29) |
Zoladz Poland 2014 [24930517] | 12 70 ± 3 yrs of age H&Y 1-3 8.5± 1.3 yrs since diagnosis OR | sBDNF UPDRS | Interval exercise on a stationary bicycle, 3 x 60 minute sessions per week, for 8 weeks. 8 sets of 5 minute intervals including 3-minutes at 80-90 rpm and 2-minutes at less than 60 rpm. Target heart rate to achieve during cycling exercise was calculated as 60-75% of the Maximum Heart Rate. | T0 (baseline) 10977±756 pg/mL T1 (60 days) 14206±1256 pg/mL Δ 22.7% ↑ in sBDNF levels in PD (p<0.05). Within Group Effect Size BDNF Serum Level: BDNF T0-T1 = 3,25 (CI 2,54-3,68) | UPDRS total score at T0 48.9±4.3 UPDRS total score at T1 38.1±3.9 Δ 22% ↓ UPDRS total score (p<0.05). Within Groups Effect Size UPDRS-III: no data. |