Table 2 Different molecular chaperones (HSPs), localization, functions and their involvements in PD

HSP27

20–30

Cytosol, ER, nucleus

SNCA, Tau

Protein degradation

[263, 264, 116, 265]

HSP40

40

Cytosol,

SNCA

Protein folding

[116, 263]

HSP60

60

Mitochondria

SNCA

Prevent protein aggregation

[116, 263, 266]

HSP70

70

Mitochondria, Cytosol, ER, nucleus

SNCA

Protein folding and unfolding

[116, 118, 263, 265, 267, 268]

HSP90

90

Cytosol, ER,

SNCA

Protein degradation and transcription factor

[116, 263, 265, 269]

HSP100/104

100–110

Cytosol, ER,

SNCA

Thermal tolerance

[116, 263, 270]