From: The study of brain functional connectivity in Parkinson’s disease
Paper | Number of patients | Task | Type of connectivity | Main findings |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wu T et al., 2011 [12] | 18 PD patients | A self-initiated right hand tapping task | Effective connectivity psychophysiological interaction (PPI) | The striatum-cortical connections were weakened, while the cortico-cerebellar connections were strengthened in PD |
18 controls | ||||
Rowe J et al., 2002 [13] | 12 PD patients | An overlearned motor sequence task, with and without attention | Effective connectivity • Structural equation modeling (SEM) | Attention to action did not increase the connectivity between the prefrontal cortex, lateral premotor cortex and SMA in PD |
12 controls | ||||
Wu T et al., 2010 [14] | 12 patients | two sequences of right hand finger tapping | Effective connectivity psychophysiological interaction (PPI) | The pre-SMA, cerebellum, and cingulate motor area had increased effective connectivity with brain networks in PD |
12 age-and sex-matched healthy subjects | ||||
Rowe JB et al., 2010 [15] | 16 PD patients | A visually paced finger-tapping task | Effective connectivity Dynamic causal modelling (DCM) | The coupling between the prefrontal cortex and the pre-SMA was enhanced in PD |
42 controls | ||||
Wu T et al., 2016 [27] | 36 PD patients | Handwriting | Functional connectivity | Dysfunction of basal ganglia motor circuit in both consistent and progressive. Progressive micrographia was also associated with disconnections between the pre-SMA, rostral cingulated motor area and cerebellum |
18 controls | ||||
22 PD patients | Visuomotor association task | Effective connectivity Granger causality analysis (GCA) | The connectivity from the putamen to the motor cortex was decreased in PD | |
22 controls | ||||
Ma H et al., 2015 [30] | 50 PD patients | Resting state | Functional connectivity | The bilateral dentate nucleus had higher connectivity with the bilateral cerebellar anterior lobe, and lower connectivity with the bilateral prefrontal cortex in tremor-dominant PD |
29 age-matched health controls | ||||
Tessitore A et al., 2012 [32] | 29 PD patients | Resting state | Functional connectivity | Reduced connectivity within both executive-attention and visual networks |
15 controls | ||||
Liu H et al., 2013 [34] | 9 PD patients | Resting state | Functional connectivity | Decreased connectivity of the dentate nucleus with the bilateral cerebellar posterior lobe in tremor-dominant PD |
9 controls | ||||
21 tremor-dominant (TD)-PD | Resting state | Voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) | TD-PD exhibited significantly lower VMHC values in the posterior lobe of the cerebellum. AR-PD exhibited lower VMHC values in the precentral gyrus. | |
29 akinetic-rigid (AR)-PD patients | ||||
26 controls | ||||
Seibert TM et al., 2012 [36] | 19 cognitively unimpaired controls, 19 cognitively unimpaired PD patients, | Resting state | Functional connectivity | Decreased striato-prefrontal connectivity in patients with dementia |
18 patients with dementia | ||||
Gorges M et al., 2015 [37] | 14 cognitively unimpaired PD patients, 17 cognitively impaired PD patients | Resting state | Functional connectivity | Decreased default mode network connectivity in cognitively impaired PD patients. |
22 controls | ||||
Disbrow EA et al., 2014 [38] | 14 non-demented PD patients, 20 controls. | Resting state | Functional connectivity | Decreased default mode network connectivity in PD |
Manza P et al., 2016 [41] | 62 early-stage PD patients | Resting state | Functional connectivity | Motor deficit was associated with weaker coupling between anterior putamen and midbrain, cognitive impairment was associated with stronger coupling between the dorsal caudate and the rostral anterior cingulate cortex |
Luo C et al., 2014 [42] | 29 PD patients with depression, 30 PD patients without depression, 30 controls | Resting state | Functional connectivity | Reduced connectivity in the prefrontal-limbic network in the depression group |
20 depressed PD patients, 40 non-depressed PD patients, 43 controls | Resting state | Functional connectivity | Stronger connectivity between the left median cingulate cortex and default mode network in the depressed PD | |
Sunwoo MK et al., 2015 [46] | 110 PD patients subdivided into three groups based on olfactory performance | Resting state | Functional connectivity | Enhancement of striatocortical connectivity in the bilateral occipital areas and right frontal areas in patients with olfactory impairment |
Baggio HC et al., 2015 [47] | 62 PD patients, 31 controls | Resting state | Functional connectivity | Reduced connectivity in left-sided circuits, predominantly involving limbic, striatal and frontal territories in apathetic PD patients |
Yao N et al., 2015 [48] | 12 PD patients without hallucinations, 12 PD patients with visual hallucinations, 14 controls | Resting state | Functional connectivity | Increased occipital-corticostriatal connectivity in PD patients with visual hallucinations |
Kwak Y et al., 2010 [50] | 24 mild to moderate stage PD patients, 24 controls | Resting state | Functional connectivity | Increased cortico-striatal connectivity in PD patients |
Agosta F et al., 2014 [51] | 69 PD patients, 25 drug-naïve, 44 dopamine treated, 27 controls | Resting state | Functional connectivity | Decreased striato-thalamic connectivity, increased striato-temporal, and thalamo-cortical connections in dopaminergic treated PD |
Bell PT et al., 2015 [52] | 39 PD patients, controls | Resting state | Functional connectivity | Decoupling between the striatum and thalamic and sensorimotor networks in PD |
Szewczyk-Krolikowski K et al., 2014 [53] | 19 PD patients, 19 controls | Resting state | Functional connectivity | Reduced basal ganglia network connectivity in PD |
Herz DM et al., 2015 [54] | 26 PD patients | Visually cued movement | Effective connectivity Dynamic causal modelling (DCM) | Increase in the putamen and primary motor cortex connectivity after levodopa intake during movement suppression in patients who later developed levodopa-induced dyskinesias |
Herz DM et al., 2016 [55] | 12 PD patients with dyskinesias, 12 patients without dyskinesias | Resting state | Functional connectivity | Increased connectivity between the primary sensorimotor cortex and putamen after levodopa intake in patients with dyskinesias |
Kahan J et al., 2014 [57] | 12 PD patients | Resting state | Effective connectivity Dynamic causal modelling (DCM) | The strength of effective subthalamic nucleus afferents and efferents were reducedm cortico-striatal, thalamo-cortical and direct pathways were strengthened by DBS |
Schweder PM et al., 2010 [58] | 1 PD patient | Resting state | Functional connectivity | Normalization of pathological pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) connectivity after PPN-DBS |
Long D et al., 2012 [59] | 19 early PD patients, 27 controls | Resting state | RFCS (regional functional connectivity strength) | The PD patients showed significant RFCS increases in the left parahippocampal gyrus, left angular gyrus and right middle temporal gyrus |