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Table 1 Examples of existing and novel approaches to the treatment of dyskinesia

From: Treatment of the later stages of Parkinson’s disease – pharmacological approaches now and in the future

Drug class

Example

Status

Glutamate antagonists

  

Non-specific NMDA

IR – amantadine

Marketed

 

CR - amantadine

Clinical trials

NR2B

 

Experimental

AMPA

Talampanel, perampanel

Clinical trials

mGluR5

Mavoglurant

Clinical trials

Other pharmacological classes

  

5-HT 1a/1b agonists

-

Experimental

5-HT 2c antagonists

-

Experimental

Adrenergic antagonists

Fipamezole

Experimental

Opioid agonists and antagonists

-

Experimental

Cannabinoid agonists

-

Experimental

Nicotinic agonists

-

Experimental

Anticonvulsants

Levetiracetam

Clinical trials

  1. IR- immediate release; CR- controlled release.